Term
| John Winthrop & City on a Hill |
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Definition
| -wrote that American/puritan settlements should be admired/copied and act as a model for other settlements |
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Term
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Definition
-William Penn created as alternative to Puritanism, founded Pennsylvania
-no violence
-honesty
-equality
-no need for special place of worship |
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Term
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Definition
-church had too much money;needed to share with the poor
-emphasized things, not actual religion
-church allows people to pay to be be forgiven=not really catholic
-too much heirarchy in church |
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Term
| Three Central Beliefs + Puritan Economics |
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Definition
1)be in not of the world
2)use your gifts, work hard
3)god's promises are real
put community before economic self
timber, whaling, farming |
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Term
| Why were Indians not enslaved? |
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Definition
knew the land, could run away
didn't know farming (hunter, gatherers)
died faster because of diseases they weren't immune to |
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Term
| Richard Hakylut's Reasons |
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Definition
-wanted to spread Christianity in the New World
-wanted to out-do spain
-trade and economic growth
-america has useful resources
-spain will get it if they don't |
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Term
| Question/Answer of American Slavery v. American Freedom |
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Definition
How can founders fight for liberty while owning slaves?
-they knew freedom so they valued it
-slaves are not a threat to their position |
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Term
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Definition
cause: -england and france fighting over ownership of western land
-french and indians=friends because of trade, England tries to push out Indians
consequences: england is not invisible, powerful but in debt
france-bitter, angry Indians and colonists
am. gains fighting experience, am. dislikes england |
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Term
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Definition
-spanish are evil=BL
-wants to influence spanish queen to protect indians and convert them
-people think indians are weak,incompetent because they dont fight and dont have technology
-portrays indians as children
-christians are hypocrites |
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Term
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Definition
guns: weapons from china
germs: diseases killed indians, livestock spread disease
steel: mining in europe easily accessible |
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Term
| Benjamin Franklin's contributions |
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Definition
-set example for what we should be(rags to riches)
-fire department
-library
-deism: accepting other religions, doing good for others |
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Term
| C&C of Salem Witch Trials |
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Definition
causes: tituba, witch hunt, town v. village, sexism
con: mass hysteria
-puritan ministry lost authority
-separation of church and state |
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Term
| What are the causes of racism and slavery? |
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Definition
slavery=need for labor and racism
-english superiority
-black=evil
-Africans=lesser culture(no technology, hyper-sexual, no domesticated animals) |
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Term
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Definition
-washington wanted to boost moral, read cato to spread international pride
-R=honor, virtue, Patriotism, liberty
-Washington=American Cato |
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Term
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Definition
-invisible hand of the market place
-zero sum gain(only one country can do well)
-export more than you import
-domestic manufacturers |
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Term
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Definition
R: deism, logic and reason
S: society should protect others, social contract
P: Rousseau & John Locke, importance of private property
E: mercantalism (adam smith)
I: logic and reason, science not faith reliant |
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Term
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Definition
-England is our parent so they should be nicer but they aren't
-reasons to separate from England
-not American, fought for America |
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Term
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Definition
-closed boston harbor, destroyed am. $, to raise $ after Boston Tea Party
-Quebec Act, Stamp Act, Sugar Act |
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Term
| US/English (dis)advantages |
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Definition
E=best army, wealth, population, less land
A=more supplies, guerila warfare, underdeveloped, states=self interested |
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Term
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Definition
-American=independent nation
-American borders established
-fishing rights
-ended American revolution
-debts repaid
-english army removed
-english creditors repaid
-none of it really worked |
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Term
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Definition
| only fight battles you can win |
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Term
| Problems of the Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
-voluntarism for states
-taxes optional
-indian problems |
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Term
| Why was the Revolution successful? |
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Definition
-created most powerful nation
-most revolutions are followed by blood bath, but America was peaceful after
-large middle class |
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Term
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Definition
-irritated farmers
-caused chaos and showed that articles=problem |
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Term
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Definition
-creates American economy
-believes american future is in manufacturing and commerce
-states debt assumed: gov pays with taxes, tariffs, and banks |
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Term
| Federalist v. Anti-federalist |
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Definition
feds:pro constitution, strong active government
anti-feds: anti- constitution, state's rights, wanted Bill of Rights |
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Term
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Definition
-judiciary
-executive
-legislative |
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Term
| 1st,2nd,5th, and 8th Amendments |
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Definition
1-freedom of religion and speech
2-bare arms
5-life, liberty, property
8-no harsh/cruel punishments |
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Term
| Washington's Farewell Address chief emphasis |
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Definition
-unity and strength:all religions, fought together, patriotism
-foreign policy: avoid hatred and unneeded conflict, be neutral
-political parties: only interested in themselves
-taxes: not everyone will like them but necessary |
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Term
| John Adams & Achievements & Struggles (XYZ, Alien and Sedition Acts) |
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Definition
-2nd pres, wrote dec. of independence, people don't like him
-XYZ Affair: france is attacking american ships, but he votes not to go to war, makes americans angry, negotiates instead
-A&S: allowed to deport enemies/foreigners and can't verbally abuse gov.=violation of free speech |
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Term
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions & Nullification |
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Definition
-states can nullify any unconstitutional laws
-states took advantage |
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Term
| Thomas Jefferson & Achievements & Struggles |
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Definition
-reduces military (2 terms) (well-liked)
-ran and won against John Adams
-LA purchase(buy from France), Embargo(embargo against Eng and France)(destroys $)
-had affair with Sally Hemmings, only freed her children
-scientific racism |
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Term
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Definition
-native american who doesn't like americans
1)no selling land
2)unification of Indian tribes
3)no white culture |
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Term
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Definition
-Henry Clay- conservative economic plan
-needed banks for American investment, infrastructure, and high tariffs |
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Term
| Causes & Consequences of War of 1812 |
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Definition
causes: america upset w/ britain and jefferson does embargo
consequences: industrial rev, am. wins, hartford convention(succession), era of good feelings, am. earns global respect |
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Term
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Definition
-created by Pres. Monroe
-only am. can colonize/protect/rule western hemisphere
-england doesn't follow |
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Term
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Definition
-MO wants to become slave state, controversy
-if you get on slave state, must have on free state
-30'30' line, north free-south slave |
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Term
| Andrew Jackson and Jacksonian Democracy |
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Definition
-always angry, and not well educated=less intimidating
-for the common man (no imprisonment for debt, no property requirements for voting, bank veto=destroys banks) |
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Term
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Definition
| US makes indians leave georgia, trail of tears, 1000 die |
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Term
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Definition
| SC allowed tariffs, Jackson got mad and made them repeal it |
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Term
| de Tocqueville's American Critique |
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Definition
-parties=too influential
-religion=not established church
-individualism=don't care about US because doesn't affect the people directly |
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Term
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Definition
-patriarchy(slave master=terrible force->paternalism(gentle,slaves=family)
-men:field slaves, hard physical labor, loss of manhood
-women: won't leave children
-nat turner: slave rebellion, killed 55 innocent whites..fail |
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Term
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Definition
-we wanted california and texas
-bought it for 18mil (guilt)
-manifest destiny: obviously god wants am. to be powerful
-spot resolution: lincoln gives reason for being anti-war)
-consequences: continental nation, 13000 am. dead |
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Term
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Definition
| allows new states to decide free or slave, abolish slave trade, fugitive slave law |
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Term
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Definition
| lincoln: rags to riches, well liked, peaceful, elected in 1860 |
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Term
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Definition
| -riots in kansas over slave vs free |
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Term
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Definition
| northerner who wanted railroad through KS/NB, beat up in congress |
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Term
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Definition
| Harriet Beecher Stowe, horrors of slavery, national best seller |
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Term
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Definition
white abolitionist
tries to invade harpers ferry to give weapons to slaves...fail
south is scared and blacks think he is a hero |
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Term
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Definition
escaped to illinois but gets caught and sent back to MO-sued
1)can he sue? 2)was he free?-> court said no, slaves are property |
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Term
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Definition
North: more people, more factories, banks, more $ and resources
South: defensive battle, early leadership, better military
-union=keep the country together
-confederate=states rights, fear emancipation
-Antietam: maryland, south pushes into the north, lost any foreign support
-Gettysburg: penn.,3 days, south wants to make it bad for north, north victory, rest of the war defensive
-Vicksburg: miss., grant finally captured river
-Appomattox: end of the war |
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Term
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Definition
Lee: commander of the southern army, talented, calm, intelligent
Sherman: pillaged the south, needed to show horror of the war
Grant: general of the northern army, only match to lee, aggressive |
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Term
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Definition
rich can avoid the draft
took a long time to make it about slavery |
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Term
| Questions for Reconstruction |
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Definition
-What to do w/freedman? ->rights=controversial
-How to bring in South?-> 10% vs. 50% become citizens |
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Term
| Andrew Johnson & Presidential Reconstruction |
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Definition
-lincoln's vp, from south, worst pres, hates southern aristocrats
-doesnt want to help anyone
-all southerners before war back in power
-black codes, close to slavery as possible |
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Term
| Congressional/Military Reconstruction |
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Definition
-modernized gov.=mini north in south
-homes for mentally ill, public schools, womens propety rights
-raised taxes |
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Term
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Definition
-helped freedman with opportunities
-formed by union soldiers, shut down by johnson |
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Term
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Definition
-around the law
-intimidation/fear
-established control |
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Term
| 13th, 14th, 15th Ammendments |
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Definition
13: slavery abolished
14: equal protection
15: voting rights |
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Term
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Definition
-passed by congress, make blacks human beings
-vetoed by johnson, impeached for this |
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Term
| Reconstruction Consequences |
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Definition
-southern resentment
-freedmen get public land, lesser education
-black get voting rights and hold office
-gov. modernized-> corruption |
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Term
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Definition
-end of reconstruction
-Hayes pres
-south gets railroad, must treats blacks better, and north removes troops |
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Term
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Definition
| famous author who wrote about success stories, started saying "american dream" |
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Term
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Definition
Henry George=as society progresses, more poverty
economy shifts from agrarian to industrial
unions formed
urbanization, food price increased |
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Term
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Definition
| economically liberal, social conservative |
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Term
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Definition
| no invisible hand of the market place because one person owned all of one commerce industry |
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Term
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Definition
| brutal plain conditions, insects->farmers lose everything |
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Term
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Definition
-sparked last generation of indian wars
-rides in and massacres all indians
-black kettle v. shivington |
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Term
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Definition
-old people passed down stories, not written
-medicine for the soul |
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Term
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Definition
-little bighorn battle, black hills sacred to NA, americans promise it
-custer tries to buy land, americans lose |
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Term
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Definition
1890
-sitting bull and crazy horse split->SB=no fight CH=fight
-americans try to make peace, shot fired by accident, NA killed, tragedy |
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Term
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Definition
-makes NA more american
-divides reservations & integrate into american society
-disliked because takes away culture |
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Term
| Why and What of Indian Values |
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Definition
-medicine man
-oral traditions
-elderly and land important
-nature
-selflessness
-hardwork |
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Term
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Definition
-indians pause longer after conversation (never got to speak)
-mess with one part of the world it will mess with something else |
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Term
| Why did US Imperialism begin? |
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Definition
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