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Midterm Study Guide
Teaching of reading Study Guide for Midterm
33
Education
Undergraduate 3
02/25/2010

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Term
Phonics
Definition
The association of speech sounds with printed symbols.
Term
Phonemic Awareness
Definition
Hearing individual sounds in spoken words
Term
Decoding
Definition
the ability to translate the alphabet letters into recognizable sounds and to use that knowledge to sound out and pronounce words.
Term
Phonemes
Definition
the smallest unit of sound - /a/, /b/, /c/, /d/, etc
Term
Graphemes
Definition
the symbol that represents the phoneme - a, b, c, d, etc
Term
Blends
Definition
A combination of 2 or more consonant letters appearing together; bl, cl, dr, ld, st, str, ft, ….
Term
Digraphs
Definition
A grapheme composed of two letters that represent one speech sound - ch, sh, th, gh, wh, ph, dg
Term
Rime
Definition
the vowel located at the beginning of a syllable that gives it the vowel sound. It may be followed by consonants that complete the syllable. Every syllable has a rime.
Term
Onset
Definition
the initial consonant or consonants in a syllable. Will be followed by a Rime
Term
Consonant Blend
Definition
A blend is two or more consonants that retain their identity when read together. Ex..Block, clock, drop, child, street, left. Common blends include: bl, cl, dr, ld, st, str, ft, ….
Term
Dependable Consonants
Definition
Some consonant letters have dependable phonetic sounds. They (for the most part) always sound the same and they always have the same grapheme. These letters are: b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, t, v, w, z
Term
Diphthong
Definition
Vowel sounds that are so closely blended that they can be treated as single vowel units. Example - /ou/ as in out; /oy/ as in toy; /oi/ as in join; /ow/ as in cow
Term
Vowel Digraph
Definition
A vowel digraph is two letters with the first letter making a long sound and the second letter is silent. We call this: "first one does the talking, the second keeps on walking." ee, ay, ai, oo, ee, oa
Term
Consonant Digraph
Definition
A digraph is two letters that come together and make one sound. This is different from a blend. In a blend the two sounds can be distinguished; sh, ch, ph, th, wh, -ch, -ck, -sh, -tch, -th
Term
Alphabetic Principle
Definition
The concept that letters represent speech sounds.
Term
What is the onset of a word?
Definition
The part of the syllable that proceeds the vowel.
Term
What are the rules for dividing syllables?
Definition
Divide between matching consonants, divide before a single middle consonant, divide compound words
Term
What are the special characteristics of the letter y?
Definition
It can be both a vowel and a consonant
Term
When is y used as a vowel?
Definition
When it is anywhere but the first letter in the word.
Term
When is y used as a consonant?
Definition
When it is the first letter in the word.
Term
What vowels make the schwa sound?
Definition
a, e, i, o, u
Term
Can you recognize the schwa sound in a particular word?
Definition
comma, chicken, family, melon, circus
Term
What are the special characteristics of the letter q?
Definition
It is unnecessary as it always makes the /k/ sound and could be replaced by the letter k
Term
What sound does the letter q make?
Definition
/k/
Term
Why could the letter q be removed from the alphabet?
Definition
it could be replaced by the letter k
Term
Which letter could replace the letter q?
Definition
k
Term
When does the letter w have the characteristics of a consonant?
Definition
when it proceeds a vowel
Term
What are the two sounds usually associated with the letter s?
Definition
/s/ & /z/
Term
When is the letter h silent?
Definition
following a vowel, following (g, k & r), and at the end of a word.
Term
When the consonant b follows the consonant m at the end of the word, what happens?
Definition
it becomes silent
Term
What is an open syllable?
Definition
a syllable that ends in a vowel phoneme
Term
What is a closed syllable?
Definition
a syllable that ends in a consonant phoneme
Term
Describe phonics and its uses in the classroom.
Definition
Phonics is the association of sounds to printed words. Without phonics, children would have a hard time reading and spelling.
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