Term
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Definition
Sin is Lawlessness.
Sin is a breaking of the divine Law (1 Jo 3:4), which always has its root in the will of the individual, though not always as a direct act of the will. Sin is both a condition of the human heart after the Original Sin of Adam and Eve in the Garden (Gen 3:5), and as an act of omission or commission which breaks the Law, the latter arising from the former (adapted from Lutheran Cyclopedia). |
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Term
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Definition
Undeserved Love,
God's riches at Christ's expense, good will and favor shown to one who can plead no merit but only need. Grace implies mercy or compassion toward one who has by every right forfeited his claim upon love. The present relationship between God and mankind is one in which God is gracious to mankind for the sake of Christ (adapted from Lutheran Cyclopedia). |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary definition in the theological sense: Justification is the act whereby God declares the sinner innocent and acquitted because of Christ's perfect, substitutionary sacrifice on behalf of the sinner. |
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Term
| What are the three human approaches to spirituality that Adolf Koberle notes? |
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Definition
| Moralism, speculation, and mysticism. (MORe SPAM) |
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Term
| What three faculties of the human mind correspond to the three human approaches to spirituality? |
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Definition
Willpower- Moralism
Intellect- Speculation
Emotions- Mysticism |
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Term
| How are the three human approaches to spirituality shown to be false by John 14:6 (Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.) |
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Definition
| John 14:6 shows the three human approaches to spirituality to be false by stating that the way to true spirituality is through Jesus, and only through him. Any other approach fails miserably in God's eyes. |
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Term
| Summarize Veith's argument showing that there is nothing in man and that faith is the sole, valid apporach to God. |
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Definition
| Although human approaches try to acheive salvation through human effort in moralism, speculation, and mysticism, we cannot perfect our conduct, try as we might. We cannot understand God through our own intellects. We cannot become one with God. Instead of human beings having to do these things, Lutheran spirituality teaches that God does them for us. He becomes one with us in Jesus Christ; he reveals himself to our feeble understandings through his word. He forgives our conduct and, in Christ, lives the perfect life for us. |
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Term
| Summarize the Biblical support for Veith's argument; cite at least one pertinent Bible passage. |
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Definition
| The Bible says that it is not what we do, but what Christ has done that achieves salvation. This is evident in Ephesians 2:8-9: "For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith-- and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God, not by works, so that no one can boast." This is also seen in Titus 3:5-7: "He saved us, not by works of righteousness that we have done but on the basis of his mercy, through the washing of the new birth and the renewing of the Holy Spirit, whom he poured out on us in full measure through Jesus Christ our Savior. And so, since we have been justified by his grace, we become heirs with the confident expectation of eternal life." |
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Term
| Connect Veith's argument to the paradox of Christian Life, i.e. simul iustus et peccator- at the same time saint and sinner. |
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Definition
| Veith's argument connects to the paradox of Christian life because, as he writes in The Spirituality of the Cross, the Law condemns us, and leaves us as sinners, disgraceful in the eyes of God. However, because of what Jesus has done for us, and not because of anything that we've attained through our own willpower, intellect, or emotion, we are now saints, righteous in the eyes of God. At the same time, sinner and saint. |
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Term
| Describe the process of historical theological study using an example from the materials that we have already covered. |
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Definition
| The process of historical theology studies the methods, authors, terminology, categories, and history of an event, a doctrine, or an idea. For example, when learning about Justification: Sin and Grace, we learned about the terminology and definitions of sin and grace, and the author Adolf Koberle. |
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Term
| What are the five parts of an introductory course? |
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Definition
| Remember the mnemonic "MATCH." The five parts are methods, authors, terminology, categoried, and history. |
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Term
| What are the three goals of historical theology mentioned in 3.01? |
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Definition
| Remember the mnemonic "SCaD." The three parts are seeking the truth, confessing the truth, and defending the truth. |
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Term
| What are the four main divisions of the New Testament Era as presented in 3.01? |
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Definition
| Early Period, Imperial Period, Medieval Period and Modern Era. |
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Term
| What are the six divisions of the New Testament Era as presented in 3.01? |
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Definition
Beginnings: (4BC-60AD)
First Wave of Persecutions: (60-218)
First time of Peace: (218-249)
Second Wave of Persecutions: (249-260)
Second Time of Peace: (260-302)
The Great Persecution: (302-311) |
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Term
| What are the source distinctions mentioned in this presentation? |
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Definition
| Remember the mnemonic "CHIPS." The source type distinctions are contemporary and historical, inspired and primary and secondary. |
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Term
| Summarize in a sentence or two C.S. Lewis' Position on the use of the various kinds of historical source materials. |
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Definition
| C.S. Lewis appreciates secondary and primary source material in use as historical sources, but he writes, "But if he must read only the new or the old, I would advise him to read the old." |
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Term
| Summarize in a sentence or two C.S. Lewis' position in the value of historical perspective. |
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Definition
| Regarding historical perspective, C.S. Lewis believes that it is clarifying and edifying to read the original source material, old books, so that we are more able to understand the perspectives and nuances of the times, instead of modern, biased interpretations. |
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Term
| Summarize in a sentence or two Veith's concept of confessionalism. |
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Definition
| Regarding confessional Christianity, Veith is of the opinion that as a Christian, remaining in the general area of Christianity wil not be enough, and Christians must join some church with distinctive teachings. |
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Term
| Summarize in a sentence or two Veith's understanding of the connection between spirituality and theology. |
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Definition
| "The fact is, there can be no spirituality without theology, no religious experience apart from religious belief. Even the flying-saucer cults and New Age seminars are selling not only a mystical jolt but a worldview, implicit assumptions about the nature of reality that underlie their messages. So by "spirituality," I do not mean any kind of content-free, theologically vacuous quest for transcendent esperiences for their own sake. Rather, spirituality has to do precisely with the content, what fills abstract theology." |
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Term
| What are the four methods of identifying God mentioned in 3.03? |
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Definition
Remember the mnemonic "PROPANE." The four methods are by PROPhecy, Attributes, Name, Exhaustion.
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Term
| What is the difference between essential and accidental attributes? |
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Definition
| The accidental attributes of a thing can be changed without changing what the thing is. The essential attributes of a thing cannot be changed without changing what the thing is. A finger is accidental to a living human being. If he/she loses it, he/she is stil a human being. That person's head is however, essential. |
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Term
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Definition
| To have been generated as an offspring. |
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Term
| Define "Eternally Begotten": |
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Definition
| The relationship between God the Father and God the Son is described with this term. In some incomprehensible way, God the Son has always been, is being, and will always be generated as offspring of God the Father. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between the Incarnation and the Doctrine of the Incarnation? |
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Definition
| The incarnation is that unique event which occurred when God the Son took on human flesh in the womb of the Virgin Mary. The Doctrine of the Incarnation is the teaching about the Incarnation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A heresy is a false teaching that denies a basic truth of Christianity and places its followers outside the Christian Fait. Whether a teaching is true or false is ascertained by comparison with the Bible. |
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Term
| Name two heresies of the First Century: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the doctrines of the Church, which we have studied? |
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Definition
Trinity: God is Three in One
Incarnation: Becoming Flesh
Justification: Becoming right in God's eyes |
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Term
| What are the heresies of the Church which we have studied? |
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Definition
Docetism:Jesus just LOOKS like a man. (Meat Mask), Christ never came into the flesh.
Gnosticism: Knowledge= Heaven/Paradise
2. Emanation: Some major God, unapproachable, emanated angels, Earth was created by angels. One of the angels was the God of the Jews, bad for creating all of these things
Jesus is not THE God
Marcionism:
Edited the Bible to include the things that he wanted.
Arianism:
· Understand that the Monad [eternally] was, but the Dyad was not before it came into existence. It immediately follows that, although the Son did not exist, the father was still God. Hence the son, not being eternal came into existence by the father’s will, he the son is the only begotten God, and this one is alien from all others. |
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Term
| What are the three parts of the Imperial Era and their date ranges? |
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Definition
The Era of Constantine: (325-378)
Christianization of the Empire: (378-431)
Barbarian Onslaught: (378-431) |
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Term
| Name the three Ante-Nicene Church Fathers we have been studying. |
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Definition
Ignatius of Antioch: (ca. 35-107)
Irenaeus of Lyon: (ca. 130-ca. 200)
Tertullian: (ca. 160-ca. 225) |
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Term
| Who is the Nicene Church Father we studied? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are the heretical teachings we have studied capable of robbing a person of faith? Think about Athanasius' line of argumentation especially. |
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Definition
| The heretical teachings we have studied are capable of robbing a person of faith because they deny the true power and divinity of God and replace it with human reason instead of faith in God. |
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Term
| While there were many Ante-Nicene Church Fathers, who were the three that figured prominently in refuting Docetism and Gnosticism, whom we studied in class? |
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Definition
| Ignatius of Antioch, Ireneaeus of Lyon, and Tertullian. |
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Term
| How does Ignatius and the other Ante-Nicene Church Fathers identify Jesus of Nazareth as God the Son? |
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Definition
| Remember Propane. He points out that Jesus fulfilled prophecy, had the attributes of God, was named as Lord, and was the only one who fit all the criteria by which the scriptures tell us that the incarnate Son can be recognized. |
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Term
| What are the key teachings of Gnosticism? |
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Definition
1. Special knowledge thought to give salvation from the material world.
2. Matter is evil and spirit is good.
3. Christ is spirit and thus did not die.
4. Christ came to destroy the creator of matter, the God of the Jews.
5. Complex systems of Gods, angels, and various emanations. |
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Term
| How are doctrine and heresy related? |
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Definition
| Doctrine is the teaching from the authoritative source. Heresy is deviation from the teaching of the authoritative source. |
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Term
| With what method does St. Paul identify Christ as God the Son in Colossians 1 and 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three divisions of the Imperial Period? |
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Definition
The Era of Constantine: (311-325)
Christianization of the Empire: (325-378)
Barbarian Onslaught: (378-431) |
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Term
| What changed for the better when Constantine became Emperor? |
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Definition
| The church was no longer persecuted. Many people heard the message of God's grace in Christ. Many people joined Christian Congregations. |
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Term
| What changed for the worse when Constantine became emperor? |
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Definition
| The huge influx of people meant that the teachings were not always passed on with fidelity. New heresies arose as a result. |
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Term
| What was the slogan of the Arian supporters and how did it reflect Arius' teachings? |
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Definition
| "There was a time when he was not." Arius taught that Jesus was uniquely created by God as a very special being, but Jesus was not God. |
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Term
| What is the difference in meaning between homoousious and homoiousious? |
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Definition
| Homoousious means "of the same substance/essence," whereas homoiousious means "of like/similar substance/essence." |
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Term
| Why was the term Theotokos used? |
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Definition
| Mary is truly the human mother of God the Son who is simultaneously the Son of God and the Son of Man. |
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Term
| Why is it critical that the doctrine of the Incarnation be left intact? |
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Definition
| The Doctrine of the Incarnation is connected inseparably with the Doctrines of the Trinity, Creation, and Justification. |
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Term
| How did the Council of Nicaea respond to the debate between Arius and Athanasius? |
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Definition
| The council of Nicaea heard the debate and then found that Athanasius' teaching was in line with the Scripture and Arius' was not. Arius was then called Heretic. |
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Term
| What are the three divisions of the Imperial Period? |
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Definition
The Era of Constantine: (311-325)
Christianization of the Empire: (325-378)
Barbarian Onslaught: (378-431) |
|
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Term
| What changed for the better when Constantine became Emperor? |
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Definition
| The church was no longer persecuted. Many people heard the message of God's grace in Christ. Many people joined Christian Congregations. |
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Term
| What changed for the worse when Constantine became emperor? |
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Definition
| The huge influx of people meant that the teachings were not always passed on with fidelity. New heresies arose as a result. |
|
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Term
| What was the slogan of the Arian supporters and how did it reflect Arius' teachings? |
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Definition
| "There was a time when he was not." Arius taught that Jesus was uniquely created by God as a very special being, but Jesus was not God. |
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Term
| What is the difference in meaning between homoousious and homoiousious? |
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Definition
| Homoousious means "of the same substance/essence," whereas homoiousious means "of like/similar substance/essence." |
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Term
| Why was the term Theotokos used? |
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Definition
| Mary is truly the human mother of God the Son who is simultaneously the Son of God and the Son of Man. |
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Term
| Why is it critical that the doctrine of the Incarnation be left intact? |
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Definition
| The Doctrine of the Incarnation is connected inseparably with the Doctrines of the Trinity, Creation, and Justification. |
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Term
| How did the Council of Nicaea respond to the debate between Arius and Athanasius? |
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Definition
| The council of Nicaea heard the debate and then found that Athanasius' teaching was in line with the Scripture and Arius' was not. Arius was then called Heretic. |
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Term
| What does Atonement mean? |
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Definition
| A state of being brought into agreement or oneness, because satisfaction has been made, or a price has been paid. |
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Term
| What were the key elements of the ritual that the Hebrew people observed on the Day of Atonement? |
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Definition
| Special garb, ritual washing, sacrifice of bull because of officiant's sins, sacrifice of goat because of people's sins, scapegoat, blood of the sacrifice sprinkled on the Mercy Seat. |
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Term
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Definition
| A portable structure for worship used by the Israelites before the Temple was built. |
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Term
| Who was the officiant in the Day of Atonement rite? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is the sin-bearing Servant in Isaiah 52:13-53:12? |
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Definition
| The Christ, by whose sacrifice, the people are cleansed of sin, who is the scapegoat, that takes away the sins of the world. |
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Term
| How can we identify who the Servant is? |
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Definition
| Remember propane. We look here at a prophecy and for names and attributes. |
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Term
| What are the four branches of theology? |
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Definition
| Systematic, historical, exegetical, and practical (in no particular order.) |
|
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Term
| What is systematic theology about? |
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Definition
| Listing systematically the teachings of the Bible and studying the relationships between these various teachings. |
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Term
| What was accounted to Abraham as righteousness, according to the Bible? |
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Definition
| Faith in the promises of God. |
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Term
| Who is responsible for bringing sin into the world, according to the Bible? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How was mankind justified, according to the Bible? |
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Definition
| Through the Jesus' righteous act of living the perfect life and His perfect obedience in dying on the cross. |
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Term
| What is the Law of God and what are its uses? |
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Definition
| In this context, the Law is those things, which God forbids, and those, which He requires of His human creatures. the Law serves as a mirror, reflecting the hidden sinfulness of a person, so that he/she can see it clearly in himself/herself. The Law serves as a curb, inhibiting many sins by making plain the consequences. Finally, for believers the Law serves as a guide, clearly laying out those things, which are God-pleasing. |
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Term
| What is the so-called Great Exchange? |
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Definition
| God the Son takes our lives and makes them to be counted as His life, and He gives His perfect life so that it is counted as though we had lived that perfect life. Thus, on account of His life and death, we are forgiven and counted righteous. The benefits of this Great Exchange become ours by faith. |
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Term
| What philosophical/theological movement did Anselm begin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What characterizes Scholasticism? |
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Definition
| Scholasticism is an attempt to reconcile philosophical logic (usually Aristotelian logic) with theology. It often involves academic debate. |
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Term
| What shapes magisterial reasoning? |
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Definition
| Reason shapes interpretation. The Scripture is interpreted. |
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Term
| What characterizes ministerial reasoning? |
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Definition
| Reason is shaped by Scripture. Scripture interprets Scripture. |
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Term
| Which hermeneutical rule is connected with the sola Scriptura principle? |
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Definition
| Scripture interprets Scripture. |
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Term
| How does the solidly historical development of the statement of the Scripture interprets Scripture principle shed light on the development of exegetical theology? |
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Definition
| Exegetical theology cannot be severed from the other branches. The methods, categories, and terminology of historical theology (and the other two branches for that matter) affect the development of exegetical methods, categories, and terminologies. |
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Term
| In what way do the Lutheran Confessions (e.g. Catechisms, Augsburg Confession, etc.) differ fundamentally from the writings of Anselm? |
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Definition
| Anselm began with Scripture and argued away from them by speculation. The Lutheran Confessions confess Scriptural teachings and then verify by citation of pertinent passages. |
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Term
| Who wrote the Small and Large Catechisms? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who wrote the Augsburg Confession? |
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Definition
| Primarily Drs. Philipp Melancthon and Martin Luther. |
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Term
| According to the Augsburg Confession, how ought justification be described? |
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Definition
| Justification is full, free, by grace, through faith, for Christ's sake. |
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Term
| What does "ex opera operato" mean? |
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Definition
| Simply by doing the action or going through the motions. |
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Term
| According to the Scriptures, sacraments do not operate ex opera operato. What is the basis for Holy Baptism's power to forgive sins? |
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Definition
| The Word of God, particularly the Gospel (Rom. 1:16, 10:17). |
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Term
| Be prepared to cite on Scripture passage used by the Augsburg Confession to support each point of its description of justification. |
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Definition
Free:Rom. 3:24
By Grace:Ephesians 2:8
Through Faith: Rom. 3:26
For Christ's Sake:Acts 10:43 |
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Term
| What are the three phases that are used in the course to group teachings related to salvation? |
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Definition
| Salvation won for us, salvation distributed to us, salvation received by us. |
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Term
| For the purposes of our coursework this far, which four teachings are grouped together under the heading, "Salvation won for us"? |
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Definition
| Doctrines of Trinity, Creation, Incarnation, and Justification. |
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Term
| For the purposes of our coursework thus far, which two concepts are grouped together under the heading "Salvation distributed to us"? |
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Definition
| The means of Grace, the Church. |
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Term
| For the purposes of our coursework thus far, which two concepts are grouped together under the heading "Salvation won for us"? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the commonality in the means of grace? |
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Definition
| The Gospel, specifically "the declaration of the forgiveness of sins on the basis of the redemptive work of Christ the Son of God." |
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Term
| For the purpose of this course, what is the definition of a sacrament? |
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Definition
| A sacred act, instituted by God Himself, which consists of certain visible means connected with His Word, through which he offers, gives, gives, and seals to us the forgiveness of sins, which Christ has earned for us. |
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Term
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Definition
| Holy Baptism, Holy Communion (a.k.a. the Lord's Supper, Eucharist, the Lord's Table, et al.) |
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Term
| How is the Church connected to the concepts of salvation distributed and salvation received by us? |
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Definition
| God has ordained that salvation be distributed through the means of grace and He has involved man in that process of distribution and He has designated man as the recipient of His grace through those means. (The water does not apply itself, for example, and it is applied to real people.) |
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Term
| What does the term "objective" describe? |
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Definition
| It describes the object of an action carried out by the subject. |
|
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Term
| What does the term "subjective" describe? |
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Definition
| It describes the subject, the doer of the action. |
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Term
| What are the two main manifestations of objective justification? |
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Definition
| Gospel Proclamation and administration of the sacraments. |
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Term
| Can a Christian say, "I have faith, therefore I am saved."? |
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Definition
| Yes, but faith does not save, Christ saves through faith. |
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Term
| What does the term "efficacy" mean in relation to God's Word? |
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Definition
| God's Word has the power to accomplish what it says. |
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Term
| What is the definition of the Law of God which stands alongside the Gospel? |
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Definition
| The Law of God is the teaching of the Bible that tells us what God would have us do and not do. |
|
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Term
| What is the definition of the Gospel? |
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Definition
| The Gospel is the teaching of the Bible that tells us what God has done for us by sending his own Son to be the atoning sacrifice for our sins and not just ours but those of the whole world. |
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Term
| How does St. Paul interpret Jesus' words, "This is my body."? |
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Definition
| St. Paul holds that the bread distributed in Holy Communion is the Body of Christ, since eating it in an unworthy manner makes one guilty of the body of the Lord. |
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Term
| What event ended the primeval worship? |
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Definition
| The fall into sin and subsequent loss of Eden. |
|
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Term
| What promise leads sinners to worship? |
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Definition
| The promise of the Savior from sin. |
|
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Term
| When does the Old Testament worship begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes the Old Testament worship? |
|
Definition
| Typological sacrifice and temple. |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to "Call upon the name of the Lord."? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do the end times begin? |
|
Definition
| At the ascension of Christ. |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes the worship of the end times? |
|
Definition
| Historical Christ (anti-typological sacrifice) and the Christian Church (anti-typological temple). |
|
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Term
| What characterizes worship in eternity? |
|
Definition
| Perfect unity and bliss with God forever. |
|
|
Term
| What is the state of mankind after the primeval time and before eternity? |
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Definition
| Sinful and in desperate need of salvation by grace through faith. |
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