Term
|
Definition
| letter written to mexico to regain lost territory, tie down American forces, and prevent them from being sent to europe |
|
|
Term
| when americans began looking overseas for new markets in the late 1800's they naturally intended to look here |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this act made it illegal to criticize the war effort |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this was the name given to reporters who exposed corruption within government and industry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these were replacement workers who were unpopular with strikers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the extreme dislike for for immigrants by native-born people and the desire to limit immigration. it was an idea that took place in the 19th and 20th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nickname given to former slaves who left the south and moved to the great plains |
|
|
Term
| three factors that led to post-civil war (after 1865) |
|
Definition
| inventions, abundance of natural resources, higher tariffs, rise in population, free trade area, oil production, and laissez-faire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| country blamed for the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a labor leader who would be a socialist presidential candidate in 1912 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| government jobs given to supporters of a winning political party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| added to cuban constitution to allow united states control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most responsible for closing the great plains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1907 agreement that reduced the amount of japanese coming to the united states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique used to win workers' rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allowed women the right to vote |
|
|
Term
| in the late 19th century, farmers faced many problems, name two of them |
|
Definition
| prices of crops went down, high tariffs, many farmers had to repay loans, and railroads took advantage of the farmers by overcharging for shipping and storage |
|
|
Term
| some disadvantages of living on the great plains? |
|
Definition
| lack of trees/water, had to build homes out of sod cut/drill wells 300 ft. deep, summer temperature over 100 degrees, prairie fires constant danger, grasshopper swarms swept over farms and destroyed crops, terrible blizzards in winter/ extreme cold, windy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| government supported settlement in great plains region with a 10$ registration fee, an individual could file for homestead(tract public available land for settlement) up to 160 acres, and could receive full title to that land after living on it for 5 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| >southern states had to pass a series of laws enforcing segregation in public areas, ferguson was only 1/8 black and sat in white car but conductor forced him to move, when ferguson refused he was arrested |
|
|
Term
| why did the populist movement start? and what were the goals? |
|
Definition
farmers wanted to increase their political power and to work for legislation, increase money supply, graduated income tax, federal loan program, government warehouses for crops, lower tariffs, 8-hour work day, and restrictions on immigration
***ended when silver crusade died out, efforts to ease economic hardships of farmers and to regulate big business had not worked |
|
|
Term
| laws enacted in southern states to prevent african americans from voting |
|
Definition
| citizens be literate/own property, poll tax(2$ fee to vote), literary test in mississippi->read and understand constitution, grandfather clause(louisiana) allowed any man to vote if had ancestor in voting rolls in 1867 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposed that african americans concentrate on achieving economic goasl rather than legal/politcal ones(alanta compromise), urged A.A. to postpone fight for civil rights nad concentrate on education/ vocationally equality, ***believed blacks were equal but were still separated from the whites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| southerners strip A.A. of civil rights only by demanding rights protect/exercise voting rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| worked as bobbin boy in textile factories/ emigrated to us from scotland, private secretary to thomas scott and then promoted by scott to super intendant, eventually opened own steel company, and used the bessemer process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combining many firms engaged in same type of business into one large corporation, took place a lot while companies competed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used by carnegie in steel industry, when a company owns all of the different businesses on which it depends for its operation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when single company achieves control of entire market, americans feared them because they believed that a company w/a monopoly could charge w/e it wanted for its products, some supported them because they believed they kept the prices low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1886 strike for 8 hour work day, clash b/w strikers/police in chicago, left 1 striker dead, next morning anarchist group protested murder&when police entered someone through bob and police open fired and anarchists shot back, 7 police killed, 4 anarchists killed, police arrested 8 anarchists and executed 4, one who was arrested was a member of knights of labor which really hurt their rep. and they rapidly began to lose memebers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pullman palace car company(illinois) depression struck, pullman company slashed wages (hard for workers to pay rent or prices at company stores) then fired 3 workers who complained, strike began, ARU(debs was leaders of union) stopped handling pullman cars(boycott), later, pullman cars were tied up to railroads and threatened to paralyze economy, so they attached mail cars to pullman cars(interfere w/ us mail injunction->illegal) and later issued by federal court that the union strike was over and the ARU collapsed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
head of american federation of labor, believed in no communism and socialism, first leader of american federation of labor, approach to labor unions was unionism-help unions to become accepted in american society, believed: unions should stay out of politics, rejected socialist/communist ideas, afl should fight for small gains-> higher wages, better working conditions
***3 main goals for AFL 1.)try to convince companies to recognize unions and agree to collective bargaining 2.)push for closed shops 3.)promoted 8-hour workday |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny island in new york harbor where immigrants coming from europe docked, saw statue of liberty(represented new freedom) had to go through many interviews and tests there to become a citizen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opened in california to accommodate asian immigrants (most young males in their teens or twenties) packed, doubled or triple tiers of bunks, delay to wait for results for immigration hearings in dormitories could last for months, on walls of detention barracks immigrants wrote anonymous poems i pencil or ink |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| socialist candidate in the 1912 election as well as former american railway leader, believed in equal distribution of law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| banned chinese immigrants from coming to america for a certain amount of ears, and prevented those already there from becoming citizens |
|
|
Term
| two problems caused by late 19th century urbanization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head of tammany hall, head of tweed ring(group of corrupt politicians) pocketed almost two hundred million dollars in kickback and payoffs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new york city's most powerful democratic political machine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strongly enforced the idea of individualism, argued that human society also evolved through competition and natural selection "survival of the fittest" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| helped poor residents mostly immigrants, and were started by jane adams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opened the hull house in chicago, helped many poor people and immigrants, also established women's trade union league->first national association dedicated to promoting women's labor issues (8hr work day, creation of minimum wage, end to evening work for women, abolition of child labor, collected funds to support women on strike) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1870-1900, written about in novel by mark twain and charles warner: new inventions, rapid industrial growth, cities expanded to sizes never seen before, masses of workers thronged streets, skyscrapers, electric lights, beneath surface lay corruption, poverty, crime, great disparities in wealth between the rich and the poor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| declared illegal any "combination in the forma of trust or conspiracy in restrain of trade or commerce among the several states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paper currency that could not be exchanged for gold or silver coins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one that taxed higher earnings more heavily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| worst economic crisis nation had ever experienced: stock market crashed, railroads expanded too rapidly and now found it hard to repay loans, unemployment and strikes |
|
|
Term
| factors leading to american imperialism |
|
Definition
| 1.American imperialists wanted more markets for united states goods 2.need for strategic military bases abroad the as the US developed a modern fleet 3.some americans argued that their culture was superior and should be spread to other nations and competition with european powers to the "world stage" |
|
|
Term
| events surrounding the overthrow of hawaii's queen liliuokalani |
|
Definition
| 1. American sugar planters began to gain control of hawaii's gov. and economy 2.queen unsuccessfully attempted to impose a new constitution that would have reasserted her authority as a ruler of the hawaiian people 3. faced with economic crisis/queen's actions, planters back an attempt to overthrow monarchy supported by marines in boston, planter forced the queen to give up power and set up a provisional gov. |
|
|
Term
| causes of spanish american war for US |
|
Definition
| jingoism, roosevelt says "McKinley has no backbone", maine explosion blamed on spanish, many americans regarded spanish as tyrants and supported cubans in struggle, yellow journalism(exaggerated/made up stories) poor treatment of cubans, mckinley asked spanish to negotiate but they made it clear war would not end soon, letter intercepted by US published in new york journal written by Enrique dupuy de lome that dissed McKinley |
|
|
Term
| results of spanish American war for US |
|
Definition
| defeated spain in teh philippine and in cuba, treaty of paris of 1898, cuba had independence, platt amendment-cuba could not make ay treaty with another nations that would weaken its independence or allow another foreign power to gain territory in cuba, cuba hdd to allow the US to buy or lease naval stations in cuba, cubas debts had to be kept low to prevent foreign countries from landing troops to enforce payment, US would have the right to intervene to protect cuban independence and keep order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all countries should be allowed to trade with china, supported by president mckinley and secretary of state john hay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chinese society, group members besieged foreign embassies in beijing killing more than 200 foreigners and taking others prisoner, later US troops quashed the rebellion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area where a foreign nation controlled economic development such as railroad construction and mining |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 16 battle ships sent by roosevelt from the US navy to voyage around the world to showcase the nation's military might, made stop in japan to demonstrate that the US could and would uphold its interests in asia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to monroe doctrine, US would intervene in latin american affairs when necessary to maintain economic and political stability in the western hemisphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taft's policy, american business leaders supported latin american and asian development it would increase US trade, american business would increase profits, countries in latin american and asia would rise out of poverty/social disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
group of crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption
examples: ida tarbell(published articles criticizing oil companies) jacob riis(described the poverty disease and crime that afflicted many immigrant neighborhoods in new york city, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of different idea and activities, each had many different views on how to fix the problems they believed existed in american society: industrialism/urbanization created many social problems, gov. should take a more active role in solving society's problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allowed group of citizens to introduce legislation and required the legislature to vote on it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allowed proposed ligislation to be submitted to the voters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allowed voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office before his or her term had expired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressured by la follette, each party hold one, all party members could vote for candidate to run in the general election |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quaker social worker who headed NAWSA congressional committee, organized washington march, use protest to force president wilson to take action of suffrage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| became NAWSA leader, developed winning plan, threw NAWSA support behind wilson in the 1916 election |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| advocated the moderation or elimination of alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laws banning the manufacture, sale, and sonsumption of alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idea that gov. should own and operate industry for the community as a whole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| division within department of commerce and labor created by roosevelt, had the authority to investigate corporations and issue reports on their activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsey labeled food and drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ICC could set rates, executive branch of gov. had increased power, agriculture department could inspect food, bureau of corporations could monitor business, expedition act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taft(conservative republican), roosevelt(bull moose), wilson(democrat) Debs(socialist), ***republican party split because roosevelt ran for office again, those who supported roosevelt were then in the new formed party "bull moose party" AKA the progressive party, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (roosevelt) legislation protect women/children in labor force, workers compensation for those hurt on the job, federal trade commission to regulate industry in manner similar to ICCs authority over railroads |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (wilson) said FDRs program supported regulated monopoly, wilson believed monopolies were evils to be destroyed, said FDRs approach gave federal gov. too much power in economy and did nothing to restore competition, freedom was more important than efficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| board could set interest rates the reserve banks charged other banks, thereby indirectly controlling the interest rates of the entire nation and the amount of money in circulation. board ability to fight inflation by raising interest rates and to stimulate economy during recession by lowering rates |
|
|
Term
| results of progressive era |
|
Definition
political: legal and public opinion shifted, americans expected gov. (federal) to play more active role in regulating economy and solving social problems
limits: filed to address african americans reform issues --> dubois created national association for the advancement of colored people with other AA leaders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on census results. |
|
|
