Term
|
Definition
| sessile or slow-moving animals that include seastars, sea urchins, brittle stars, crinoids, and basket stars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and, in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear, and lens of the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen, resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of cells. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the fine details of cell surfaces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a non-spontaneous chemical reaction, in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and the lining of the digestive tract. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an extensive membranous network in eularyotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribsome-studded (rough) and ribsome-free (smooth) regions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hypothesis about the origin of the eularyotic cell, maintaining that the forerunners of eukaryotic cells were symbiotic association of prokaryotic cells living inside larger prokaryotes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a quantitative measure of disorder or randomness, symbolized by S. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a protein serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of another gene that is independently inherited. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amino acds that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must obtain from food. Eight amino acids are essential in the human adult...you'll have to find them on your own haha. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, present in protists, plants, fugi, and animals; also called eukaryote. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a spontaneous chemical reaction, in which there is a net release of free energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exon, which are expressed, are separated from each other by introns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hard encasement on the surgace of an animal, such as the shell of a mollusc or the cuticle of an arthropod, that provides a protection and points of attachement for muscles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fusion of gametes that parents have discharged into the environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides. |
|
|
