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Midterm Questions
Stuff to know for End of Schooling
100
Medical
Undergraduate 1
07/17/2024

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Cards

Term
What is the function of the muscular system?
Definition
Produces body movement
Term
What does dorsal mean?
Definition
Backside
Term
What are the 6 levels of structural organization, in order of increasing complexity?
Definition
Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
Term
Kidney structure, bone growth and beating of the heart are all topics of anatomy.
Definition
True
Term
At which level of structural organization is the stomach?
Definition
Organ
Term
Which organ system includes the trachea, lungs, nasal cavity and bronchi?
Definition
Respiratory system
Term
The thumb is ___ to the fingers.
Definition
Lateral
Term
The muscles are ____ to the bones.
Definition
Superficial
Term
The wrist is ____ to the hand.
Definition
Proximal
Term
The vertebra are ____ to the scapula.
Definition
Medial
Term
The name for the shoulder blade is _____.
Definition
Scapula
Term
The lungs are ____ to the heart.
Definition
Lateral
Term
Use anatomical language to describe the location of a cut to the back of your left forearm.
Definition
Posterior Antebrachial
Term
Where is the Sacral area?
Definition
Between the hips at base of spine
Term
What is the Vertebral area?
Definition
Spinal column
Term
What is the wrist area called?
Definition
Carpal
Term
The calf is in which region?
Definition
Plantar
Term
The buttocks are in which region?
Definition
Gluteal
Term
What separates the two subdivisions in the ventral body cavity?
Definition
Diaphragm
Term
Referring to the fingers or toes.
Definition
Digital
Term
What central region does the heart sit in?
Definition
Mediastinum
Term
What is the curve of the shoulder called?
Definition
Deltoid
Term
Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity?
Definition
Uterus (along with others)
Term
The groin is in which region?
Definition
Inguinal
Term
Which organelle is the major site of ATP synthesis?
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
Threadlike strands of DNA wound around histones
Definition
Chromatin
Term
How are plasma membrane phospholipids organized?
Definition
Nonpolar aligns with nonpolar in the membrane interior
Term
These are the smallest living units in the body.
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
What term(s) mean water fearing? Mark all that apply
Definition
Non-polar and Hydrophobic
Term
What is the function of microvilli?
Definition
To increase cell surface area for absorption
Term
Which one is like a Fed-Ex center that packages and ships the proteins from the ribosomes?
Definition
Golgi Apparatus
Term
Which type of process used ATP?
Definition
Active
Term
What is the term for movement of water from greater to lesser water concentration?
Definition
Osmosis
Term
Which process is more selective?
Definition
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Term
T/F A Goblet cell is a multicellular gland.
Definition
False
Term
Epithelial cells do not have:
Definition
Blood vessels
Term
Which of the following are characteristics of connective tissue? Mark all that apply
Definition
Variations in blood supply, and they have and Extracellular matrix
Term
In which of the following tissue types might you expect to find Goblet Cells?
Definition
Simple Columnar
Term
Which layer of skin has no vascularization?
Definition
Epidermis
Term
What is the function of cilia?
Definition
The sweep substances along across the top of the cell
Term
Which of the following is true about Pseudostratified epithelium?
Definition
It is found in the trachea, it's ciliated, and is associated with Goblet cells
Term
Which of the following glands are ductless?
Definition
Endocrine
Term
In which of the following types might you expect to find cilia?
Definition
Pseudostratified tissue
Term
Which epithelium is built to withstand friction?
Definition
Stratified squamous
Term
Which if the four types of tissue are most likely to remain mitotic throughout life?
Definition
Epithelial
Term
Which muscle type is injured when you pull a muscle while exercising?
Definition
Skeletal
Term
Which tissue has gap junctions?
Definition
Cardiac muscle
Term
Which fiber type forms the internal skeleton of lymph nodes?
Definition
Reticular
Term
What is the special function of gap junctions?
Definition
Communication
Term
Dandruff is from excess shedding of what skin layer?
Definition
Stratum corneum
Term
T/F Serous membranes can produce mucous
Definition
False
Term
Serous membranes have what layers
Definition
Parietal and visceral layers
Term
Your cut does not bleed. Which layer of the skin was penetrated?
Definition
Epidermis
Term
Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?
Definition
Protection, Temperature regulation, synthesizes Vitamin D
Term
Why do no skin cancers develop from stratum corneum cells?
Definition
They are Dead
Term
A scalpel penetrates the left lung and enters the heart. In order, it passes through:
Definition

Pleura: Parietal, visceral then visceral and parietal

Pericardium: Parietal, visceral

Term
T/F Serous membranes only secrete serous fluid.
Definition
True
Term
What change in aging skin accounts for wrinkles and cold intolerance in older adults?
Definition
Loss of subcutaneous fat
Term
Which of the following refers to the skin and its derivatives (nails, hair, sweat glands)?
Definition
Integumentary system
Term
Where would you find a synovial membrane?
Definition
Joint
Term
Which layer of the epidermis produces new epidermal cells?
Definition
Stratum basale
Term
Skin structures include
Definition
Hair papilla, nails, and hair plus skin
Term
What is the single most common risk factor for skin cancer?
Definition
UV radiation
Term
What is the source of vernix caseosa that covers the skin of the newborn baby?
Definition
Sebaceous Glands
Term
What pigments contribute toward skin color?
Definition
Carotene, Melanin, and Hemoglobin
Term
Which of the following is not associated with the production of perspiration?
Definition
Arrector Pili
Term
What structure is not associated with a hair?
Definition
Lunule
Term
What is the name given to the rule for recognizing the signs of melanoma?
Definition
ABCDE
Term
Which of the following is the growth region of the nail?
Definition
Matrix
Term
Which does cause thinning of hair?
Definition
Severe emotional trauma, Diet deficient in proteins, Exposure to excessive radiation
Term
Which gland can make your hair oily?
Definition
Sebaceous
Term
Which of the following is a life-threatening consequence of a severe burn?
Definition
Both fluid loss and overwhelming infection
Term
Which structures are associated with the nail?
Definition
Lunule, Nail bed, and nail folds
Term
What degree of burn destroys the entire skin thickness?
Definition
Third
Term
What kind of bond forms between water molecules?
Definition
Hydrogen Bond
Term
Factors that increase the speed of chemical reactions include:
Definition
Increasing the temperature, Catalysts, increasing the concentration of reacting particles
Term
Which of the elements make up 96% of the body?
Definition
Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen
Term
What is an example of an organic compound?
Definition
Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
Term
What property of water prevents rapid changes in the body temperature?
Definition
High heat capacity
Term
The element essential for normal thyroid function is:
Definition
Iodine
Term
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
Definition
Glycogen
Term
What are ions?
Definition
Atoms that have a positive or negative charge
Term
What is an inorganic compound?
Definition
Lacks carbon
Term
Alkaline substances include which of the following?
Definition
Blood
Term
Which chemical bond is weakest?
Definition
Hydrogen bond
Term
What are the important functions of water?
Definition

Acts as a transport medium,

Acts as a solvent for sugars, salts and other solutes,

Provides cushioning,

Participates in chemical reactions

Term
Unsaturated fats are:
Definition
Healthier for the heart
Term
What are examples of globular proteins?
Definition
Enzymes, Antibodies, and hormones
Term
Which is more important for building body structures
Definition
Fibrous proteins
Term
Glucose is to starch what
Definition
An amino acid is to protein
Term
What lipid type is stored in fat deposits beneath the skin?
Definition
Triglycerides
Term
What is the transporter of lipids in our body?
Definition
Cholesterol
Term
What has the suffix ..-ase?
Definition
Enzymes
Term
The strand of amino acids is the ____ of proteins.
Definition
Primary
Term
What is the chemical energy used by al cells?
Definition
ATP
Term
Two or more proteins joined together demonstrate _____ of proteins.
Definition
Quaternary structure
Term
Which one of the fats are solid at room temperature?
Definition
Saturated fats
Term
What forms the majority of our cell membranes?
Definition
Phospholipids
Term
What is the storage form of glucose in plants?
Definition
Starch
Term
What is the storage form of glucose in plants?
Definition
Starch
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