Term
| What is the present human population of the Earth (approx.)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Although the science of earthquake prediction is fraught with uncertainty, there might be some features that can provide a warning of an impending quake in a region. Which of the following features might indicate an upcoming major earthquake? |
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Definition
| a seismic gap along the active fault zone |
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Term
| We generally classify a fault as being active if it has had movement more recently than: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the five is NOT directly part of Earth/Systems Management/Engineering? |
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Definition
| Understanding the processes involved in global Earth system |
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Term
| What percentage of the world's population has 85% of its GNP, 85% of its trade and 85% of its savings? |
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Definition
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Term
| We determine the Richter magnitude of an earthquake by: |
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Definition
| measuring the amplitude of the seismic waves on a seismogram |
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Term
| When snow and wind combine to make a blizzard, this is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
| To obtain an estimate the impact of humans on the Earth, we can compare the amount of material moved annually by humans with the amount that is moved annually by non-human causes. What is the comparison? |
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Definition
| humans move four times as much as non-human processes |
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Term
| Which of the following types of faults is likely to be connected with the most dangerous earthquakes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How have we been able to document the increase in anthropogenic Pb release over time? |
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Definition
| by drilling and analyzing ice cores from glaciers |
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Term
| Belleville to Kingston= 100km. If an earthquake takes place in Belleville, how long do we have after a warning radio wave (instant) to shut down the reactor before the first seismic waves arrive? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following would be least likely to be a factor in determining whether a hazard event gets classified as a disaster? |
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Definition
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Term
| In earthquake analysis, which of the following describes what the material amplification effect is related to? |
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Definition
| seismic-wave velocity changes when going from one medium into another |
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Term
| The current level of CO2 in the atmosphere is approx.: |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would a large tsunami wave be unlikely to occur in Lake Ontario? |
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Definition
| the water depth is relatively shallow |
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Term
| The half-life for the decay of carbon-14 is closest to: |
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Definition
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Term
| Following an earthquake whose epicenter is 100km south of the city, which rock/soil types would most likely experience the most severe shaking? |
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Definition
| water-saturated clay soil |
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Term
| We can locate the focus of an earthquake using our seismometer, because the distance between the focus and the seismometer can be determined from: |
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Definition
| the arrival times of P- and S- seismic waves |
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Term
| This type of seismic wave propagates through material by rock material vibrating at right angles to the direction of passage of the energy wave: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the determining factor in determination of a damage threshold? |
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Definition
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Term
| Approx. how many times more energy does a Richter magnitude 9 quake release than a Richter magnitude 7? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is a measure of inequality |
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Term
| The epicenter of an earthquake: |
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Definition
| is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus. |
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Term
| Many rivers occur along fault lines because: |
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Definition
| rocks along the fault get broken up by fault motion. |
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Term
| Which of the following building to rock arrangements if the least dangerous (most stable)? |
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Definition
| tall buildings on solid rocks |
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Term
| What is causing the Aral Sea to shrink dramatically? |
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Definition
| Water diversions from rivers feeding the sea |
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Term
| To locate the focus of an earthquake, what is the minimum number of seismic stations needed? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the LA, Cali area, the recurrence interval for "big" quakes is approx.: |
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Definition
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Term
| The most important aspect of materials that are used to build structures that are quake resistant is that they are: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following types of seismic waves generate a circular motion of the rock material? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is used to describe what occurs to produce an earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not true about a tsunami? |
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Definition
| they have amplitude of 30 meters or more in deep ocean water. |
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Term
| When over the last 600,000 years, has the atmosphere CO2 levels exceeded 300 ppm? |
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Definition
| since the Industrial Revolution |
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Term
| Why might the movement along a fault occur by a safe, slow, creeping motion rather than by occasional sudden jerky shifts? |
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Definition
| because of the presence of talc. |
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Term
| What kind of fault is the San Andreas fault? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Oceanic Conveyor Belt |
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Definition
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Term
| The fastest seismic waves are: |
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Definition
| compression-rarefaction waves (push-pull) |
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Term
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Definition
| is claimed to have had more impact on the Earth's atmosphere than any other single organism. |
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Term
| The velocity of P waves is: |
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Definition
| directly proportional to the elasticity, and inversely proportional to the density, of the medium they pass through. |
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Term
| What is the deepest level in the Earth that earthquakes occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drives the hydrological cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is least likely to help on determining the recurrence history of large earthquakes in a region? |
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Definition
| setting up seismic stations to record the foci of earthquakes over a 30 year period. |
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Term
| Why might a gradual bulging up of the ground over a large region suggest that an earthquake might be imminent? |
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Definition
| the bulging is probably caused by dilatancy of the rocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| the order in which sediments are deposited |
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Term
| How can we tell if human have had a impact in the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| Drilling and analyzing ice cores from glaciers. |
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Term
| Which area in Canada should we invest money for seismic protection? |
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Definition
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Term
| We calculate the risk by multiplying the probability of the hazard occurring by: |
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Definition
| the severity of the hazard event |
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Term
| Mexico City is particularly susceptible to earthquake damage because: |
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Definition
| the city is built on ancient lake sediments, which amplify seismic shaking. |
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Term
| THe largest recorded earthquake released approx. as much energy as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not one of the four "B's" for houses to resist ground shaking? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ground motion from a Richter Magnitude 8 earthquake is approx: |
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Definition
| one thousand times as much as the ground motion from a magnitude 5 quake. |
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Term
| The Earth system can been seen as: |
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Definition
| a set of interacting systems |
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Term
| Approx. how frequently do earthquakes of Richter magnitude 7 or greater occur world-wide? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we calibrate the Richter Magnitude values? |
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Definition
| by using known energy releases |
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Term
| What is the principle on which a seismometer works? |
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Definition
| the inertia of a suspended mass |
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Term
| Which of the following is the first (and most important) of Allenby's principles? |
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Definition
| only intervene when required, and to the extent required |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a way to minimize damage from a tsunami? |
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Definition
| build your buildings of unreinforced concrete |
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Term
| On what basis are Mercalli intensity values assigned to locations in order to make an intensity map following an earthquake? |
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Definition
| qualitative perceptions of, and structural response of buildings to, the shaking |
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Term
| Best material to build a structure with to minimize damage from an earthquake? |
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Definition
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