Term
| Which is always capatalized? generic name or trade name? |
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Definition
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Term
| what agencies establish and control standards guiding medication quality? |
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Definition
| USP (United States Pharmacopia) and NF (National Formulary) |
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Term
| What is the fundamental rule of safe medication administration? |
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Definition
| Never administer an unfamiliar medication |
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Term
| Where are enteric coated drugs absorbed? |
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Definition
| in the intestines to prevent stomach irritation |
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Term
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Definition
| Strengthen cardic contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| iincrease coronary blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ maintains control over the safety, effectiveness, and advertising of nonprescription medications. They also approve drugs for OTC availability, including the transfer of drugs from prescription to OTC status. |
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Definition
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Term
| If a patient refuses a medication, what do you do? |
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Definition
First, attempt to clarify the patient's concern about the medication.
Second, notify the provider of the patient's refusal while explaining the patient's concerns. |
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Term
| Schedules of Controlled Substances |
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Definition
I - High abuse potential; no accepted medical use
II - May lead to severe physical or psychological dependence; high abuse potential; accepted medical uses
III - less abuse pot. than schedules I & II; accepted medical uses, may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence
IV - low abuse potential compared with drugs in schedule III; accepted medical uses; may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence
V - Low abuse potential compared with drugs in schedule IV; accepted medical uses; may lead to limited physical or physchological dependence |
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Term
| What is generally required information when recording each controlled substance administered? |
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Definition
name of patient receiving
date and hour the med was given
amt of controlled med used
name of the prescribing provider
name of the nurse administering |
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Term
| when do healthcare facility personnel perform a count of controlled medications? |
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Definition
| Before administering a controlled med, the count in the drawer must be verified, and the control sheet must e signed to indicate it's removal. If all or part of a dose is discarded, a second nurse must witness the discarding and countersign. |
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Term
| What is involved in Pharmacokinetics? |
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Definition
| Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excrition |
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Term
| Where are drugs normally metabolized? |
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Definition
| Mainly take place in the liver. Alterations in liver function, including decreased funct. that occurs with aging or disease, affect the rate at which drugs are metabolized |
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Term
| Excretion of a drug or its metabolites from the body normally occurs where? |
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Definition
| In the kidney. Some excretion also occurs in the lungs and the intestines. Decreased kidney function adversely affects drug excretion. |
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Term
| Any effect other than the therapeutic effect |
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Definition
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Term
| State 4 adverse effects of a drug |
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Definition
| side effects, tolerance, allergic reactions, toxicity |
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Term
| Give examples of symptoms of severe allergic reactions to a drug immediately after it is given. |
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Definition
| wheezing, dyspnea, angioedema or the tongue or oropharynx, hypotension, and tachycardia |
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Term
| A severe allergic reaction, called an __________, requires immediate medical intervention because it can be fatal. |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of an anaphylactic reacion includes: |
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Definition
discontinuing use of the med
administering epinephrine, IV fluids, steroids, and antihistamines |
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Term
| What information is collected during the Initial assessment for medication administration? |
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Definition
MAMP
Medication History
Allergies & Intolerances
Medical history
Pregnancy and Lactation Status |
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Term
| An important safety procedure during patient handoffs between healthcare providers or agencies regarding medication history. |
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Definition
| medication reconciliation |
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Term
| Assessment Before medication Administration |
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Definition
MD LP(N)
-MAR
-Dietary and Fluid Orders
-Laboratory values
-physical assessment |
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Term
| What is part of the physical assessment before medication administration? |
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Definition
-Ability to swallow
-gastrointestinal motility
-adequate muscle mass
-adequate venous acess
-body system assessment |
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Term
| To administer medications safely, the following actions are necessary: |
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Definition
-Accurately interpret the provider's order
-Accurately calculate the amt of drug to give for the prescribed dose.
-Develop a systematic and safe procedure, using the 6 rights for drug adminisration, incl. accurate identification using 2 separate identifiers.
-Document medication administration according to best practice principles
-explain the purpose of the medication to the patient.
-prevent medication errors
-promote standardized communication
-promote healthcare planning and home or community based care
-evaluate the patient's response to medications |
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Term
Preventing Medication Errors
What are some high-risk medications and the most common types of harm associated with them. |
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Definition
anticoagulatns, opiods, insulin, and sedatives
bleeding, hypoglycemia, delirium, and hypotension |
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Term
| Medication errors caused by systems issues include: |
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Definition
lack of adequate staffing
increased patient acuity levels
lack of access to medicaiton information
organizational routines
issues with organizational communication channels. |
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Term
| Individual healthcare professional issues that contribute to med admin errors include: |
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Definition
failure to comply with policies and procedures
distractions
improper dosage calculation
increased workload
inadequate knowledge about medications
care delivery models that increase risk of error |
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Term
| What is involved in the evaluating of the patient's response to medications? |
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Definition
| Therapeutic effects, unexpected adverse effects, the patient's adherence to the medication regimen, and the patient's knowledge level concerning prescribed medications. |
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Term
| Oral medications can also be administered into ____ ____ that are placed into the ______, _______, or _______. |
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Definition
| feeding tubes stomach duodenum jejunum |
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Term
| Which route of medication admin is the easiest and is asssociated with the least amount of side effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: If a patient is NPO before a test or surgery, the provider may continue selected oral medications, given with sips of water. Fill In: If the patient is NPO after major surgery, oral medications are usually ________________________________. |
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Definition
T
withheld or administered by another route until intestinal function resumes |
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Term
| To facilitate absorption of a medication given to a patient through a nasogastric tube, how long must the gastric suction be turned off after administering? |
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Definition
| usually 30 mins, and 15 minutes prior |
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Term
General Precautions for Altering Oral Medications
Unsafe Actions |
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Definition
- do not crush enteric coated or gel-coated tablets
- do not crush long-acting tablets (sustained action)
- do not try to open sealed capsules (non liquid)
- do not crush contents of capsules with beads or pellets (intended for sustained release)
- do not give sublingual formulations orally
- do not crush sublingual formulations
- do not give oral medications sublingually
- do not alter tablets or open capsules of antineoplastic agents
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Term
General Precautions for Altering Oral Medications
Safe Actions |
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Definition
- scored tablets may be split. Unscored tablets may be cut unless they are: extended release, a combination product, a critical dose product, film coated, crumbled with cutting
- chewable medications can be crushed safely
- if a capsule opens easily, powder from the capsules can be mixed with food or liquid
- liquid filled capsule contents can be squeezed out through a hole punched with a large gauge needle or aspirated, then mixed with food or liquid
- beads from readily opened capsules can be sprinkled over soft food to administer, but should not be chewed.
- a sublingual formulation still can be given sublingually if the client is NPO
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Term
| how long should the head of the bed remain elevated after receiving oral medications or food administered through nasogastric tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| Before and after administering a med through a feeding tube, flush with a minimum amount of how much? |
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Definition
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Term
| A variety of medications for buccal administration are available , including: |
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Definition
| sustained release nitroglycerin, opiates, antiemetics, tranquilizers, and sedatives |
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Term
Medications designed to be absorbed through the skin for systemic effects are called __________ medications.
These patches allow controlled amounds of medication to be supplied over a _____-_____hour period. |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of commonly used transdermal patches include: |
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Definition
| Nitroglycerin, scopolamine, estradiol, nicotine, and fentanyl |
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Term
| How should you dispose of transdermal patches containing opiate medications? |
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Definition
| flush down toilet or dispose into a sharps container |
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Term
| What are contraindications for continued use of the transdermal patch? |
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Definition
| a fever of greater than 102F, use of heating pads or sun lamps, or other sources of direct heat |
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Term
| What medicaiton to control hypertension is administered transdermally using specific measured paper? |
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Definition
| Nitroglycerin on nytroglicerin paper |
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Term
| When administering Otic medications, always use solutions at body temperature because otherwise it could cause: |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ vaginal suppositories cuase uterine contractions and induce labor in women after fetal demise. |
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Definition
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Term
| Before and after administering inhaled medications such as bronchodialators, what do you assess the patient for? |
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Definition
| respiratory status (reported ease of breathing, breath sounds, respiratory rate, and use of accessory muscles) |
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