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Midterm Key Terms
Terms and definitions for midterm
40
Anthropology
Undergraduate 2
10/22/2012

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Cards

Term
Phonetics
Definition
Study of sound and language
Term
Phoneme
Definition
Smallest unit of sound that distinguishes meaning
Term
Phonology
Definition
Sound and meaning
Term
Morphology
Definition
study of minimal units of meaning in language
Term
Morpheme
Definition
Smallest unit that has meaning
Term
Syntax
Definition
rules regarding the combination of words (lexemes)
Term
Semantics
Definition
study of meaning in language
Term
Metasemantics
Definition
The use of language to talk about meaning
Term
Pragmatic
Definition
Relationships between signs and their users
Term
Metapragmatic
Definition
Use of language to talk about the relationships between signs and their users
Term
Syntagmatic
Definition
Sequential relationships between signs in a temporal sequence
Term
Paradigmatic
Definition
relationships of substituability
Term
Synchronic
Definition
Study of language and a fixed point in time
Term
Diachronic
Definition
study of language over a period of time
Term
Prescriptive linguistics
Definition
Study of language and how it's supposed to be used
Term
Descriptive linguistics
Definition
The study of how people actually speak a language 
Term
Concurrence
Definition
A syntagmatic relationship among signs that co-occur at a single time
Term
Concatentation
Definition
relationships among signs that occur overtime
Term
Signifier
Definition
Sound pattern
Term
Signified
Definition
Concept
Term
The arbitary nature of the sign
Definition
No inherent connection between signifier and signified
Term
System of meaningful oppositions
Definition
FIND THIS SOMEWHERE WHO KNOWS?!
Term
Heteroglossia
Definition
Different voices within a linguistic context
Term
Dialogic nature of language
Definition

Breaks up the signifier-signified relationship

For example the meaning of Iraq has changed in our minds over time. 

Term
Langue
Definition
Linguistic Structure
Term
Parole
Definition
Speech
Term
Metaphor
Definition
Compares seemingly unrelated objects to one another
Term
Lexeme
Definition
Word
Term
Metonym
Definition

Using a part to refer to a whole

Or

Trope that uses any kind of syntagmatic relationship

Term
Orthography
Definition

Belongs to prescriptive linguistics

a standardized system for using a particular writing system (script) to write a particular language.

Term
Double nature of the sign
Definition
Signifer and Signified
Term
-Emic
Definition
Insider view
Term
-Etic
Definition
Outsider View
Term
Mass Noun
Definition

Homogenious has no boundries 

for example "milk"

Term
Count Noun
Definition

Nouns that can be pluralized 

Ex.) 8 apples, 6 chairs

Term
Linguistic Relativity
Definition
Structure of Language affects cognition
Term
Semiotics
Definition
Study of meaning in any system
Term
Trope
Definition

Makes inchoates understandable

(Literary device whereby words defy their literal meaning)

Term
Inchoate
Definition
Chaotic, disordered, confused; also, incoherent, rambling
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