Term
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Definition
- Infectious Agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptable Host
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Term
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Definition
Contact (direct or indirect)
Droplet
Airborne |
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Term
| to make free from disease-producing organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| Give examples of muli-drug resistant organisms |
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Definition
| tuberculosis, enterococci, Staph Aureus, e. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae |
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Term
| A term meaning poisining of the tissues, often used to describe serious infection |
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Definition
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Term
When a patient is septic, they are displaying the manifestations of a systemic inflammatory state caused by widespread microbial destruction of tissues (systemic infmallatory response syndrome).
What are the manifestations of SIRS? |
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Definition
| high fevers, tachycardia, hypotension (vessels dialate when your septic), and leukocytosis |
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Term
Chain of Infection
Infectious agents
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Definition
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Parasites
- Prions
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Term
Chain of Infection
Reservoir |
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Definition
- Human beings
- Animals
- Inanimate objects
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Term
Chain of Infection
Portal of Exit |
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Definition
- Sputum
- Emesis
- Stool
- Blood
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Term
Chain of Infection
Modes of Transmission
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Definition
- Contact
- Vehicle
- Droplet Transmission
- Airborne
- Vectorborne
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Term
Chain of Infection
Portal of Entry |
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Definition
- mucous membranes
- nonintact skin
- gi tract
- gu tract
- respiratory tract
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Term
Chain of Infection
Suceptible host |
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Definition
- immunosuppressed elderly
- Chronically ill
- Trauma
- Surgery
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Term
| Factors that have contributed to the evolution of resistant microbial organisms include the following: |
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Definition
- Overprescription of antibiotics
- Using wrong antibiotics for infecting organism
- Incomplete use of prescriptions
- Harboring and spreading of resistant organisms from asymptomatic carriers
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Term
| Four Prevention strategies to lessen the risk of infection set fourth by the CDC |
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Definition
- Infection prevention that includes the use of bundles to provide diligent care for vascular and urinary catheters and ventilators
- swift and precise diagnosis and treatment for the infectious organism
- accurate use of antimicrobials
- meticulous adherence to evidence-based transmission prevention strategies
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Term
| Seven Control strategies to lessen risk of infection set by CDC. |
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Definition
- administrative support
- judicious use of antimicrobials
- surveillance
- standard and contact precautions
- environmental measures
- education
- decolonization
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Term
| Droplet transmission occurs usually within how many feet? |
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Definition
| Usually within 3 ft, but in some cases (smallpox & SARS) can reach more than 6 ft. |
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Term
| Vehicle transmission occurs how? |
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Definition
| Through contaminated items that transmit pathogens. Examples: food carrying Salmonella, water carrying Legionella, drugs carrying bacteria fr. contaminated infusion supplies, and blood carrying viruses |
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Term
Vectorborne Transmission
What are the two types of vectors? |
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Definition
Biologic: living creatures such as rats, insects, or birds
Mechanical: inanimate objects such as catheters, blood draws, and total parenteral nutrition, ventilators, contaminated needles |
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Term
| What is a nosocomial infection? |
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Definition
| infections contracted in all healthcare settings |
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Term
Which two organizations publish guidelines for monitoring and adhering to several evidence-based infectious disease control strategies?
Which one publishes guidlines on both standard and transmission based precautions?
Which one sets requirements that healthcare agencies must meet to obtain accreditation? |
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Definition
| the CDC and Joint Commission respectively |
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Term
| a period between the time when the pathogen enters the host and when clinical symptoms appear |
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Definition
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Term
| Measures taken to control and reduce the number of pathogens present. "clean technique" |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to prevent the introduction or spread of pathogens from the environment into the patient. "sterile technique" |
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Definition
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Term
| Procedures requiring sterile technique include: |
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Definition
| insertion of IV catheters, injections, urinary catheterization, some irrigation of drainage tubes that enter sterile parts of the body, and all operative procedures |
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Term
| Chemical or physical processes used to reduce the number of pathogens on an objet's surface |
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Definition
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Term
| the complete destructiono f all microorganisms, including spores. |
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Definition
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Term
| When do you need to wash your hands? |
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Definition
- Before entering a patient room
- After leving patient room
- before putting on or after removing PPE
- After using the restroom, blowing your nose, covering a sneeze, etc
- Before eating, drinking or handling food
- whenever hands are visibly soiled
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Term
| Precautions used for Airborne |
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Definition
Standard precautions with N95 Mask
Negative pressure room
Patient must stay in room, but wear mask if leaving room
Door must stay closed
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Term
| Disease indications for Airborne |
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Definition
TB
Chicken pox
measles
herpes zoster |
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Term
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Definition
Private room, can have roomate w/same diagnosis
standard precautions with mask for contact within 3 ft
Place mask of client when outside room |
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Term
| Disease Indications for Droplet Transmission |
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Definition
Influenza
Pnemonia
Pertusis
Strep
Diptheria
Rubella
Mumps
Meningitis |
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Term
| Precautions for Contact Transmission |
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Definition
Private room, can b w/patient of same microorganism
Standard precautions
no mask necessary
dedicate equip to single client (i.e. steth, thermometer) |
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Term
| Disease Indications for Contact Transmission |
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Definition
C. Diff
MRSA
Shigella
impetigo |
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Term
| What patients are most likely to be put on isolation? |
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Definition
People whose body defenses are known to be compromised.
Patients who are neutropenic as a result of chemotherapy, radiation, or immunosuppressive medicaitons.
Patients with extensive burns or dermatitis |
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Term
| In Isolation what mesures help to ensure that the patient's environment stays as free from pathogens as possible? |
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Definition
private rooms
strict meticulous handwashing by personnel, patient, and family
no fresh fruits or vegetables are allowed
no flowers |
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Term
| When is surgical asepsis used? |
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Definition
- surgical procedures
- all procedures that invade the bloodstream
- procedures that cause a break in skin or mucous membranes
- selected dressing changes and wound care
- procedures involving insertion of catheters or devices into sterile body cavities
- Care for selected high risk people or groups
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Term
| Principles of Surgical Asepsis |
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Definition
- Moisture causes contamination
- Never assume that an object is sterile
- Always face the sterile field
- Sterile articles may only touch sterile articles or surfaces
- Sterile equipment or areas must be kept above the waist and on top of the sterile field
- prevent unnessary traffic and air currents around the sterile area
- open, unused sterile articles are no longer sterile after the procedure
- a person who is considered sterile who becomes contaminated must reestablish sterility
- surgical technique is a team effort
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