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| the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them |
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| predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus ("signal") amid background stimulation ("noise"). Assumes that there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue. |
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| the principle that, to perceive their difference, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage |
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| diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation |
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| conversion of one form of energy into aanother. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses |
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| the dimenstion of color that is determined by the wavelength of light |
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| the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude. |
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| the process by which the eye's lens chagnes shape to focus the image of near objects on the retina |
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| the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. |
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| nerve cells in the brain taht respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. |
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| the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. |
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| Young-Helmholts trichromatic theory |
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| the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors, red, green, and blue, which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color. |
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| the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green. |
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| the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time |
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| a tone's highness or lowness; depends on frequency. |
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| between the eardrum and cochlea, contains hammer, anvil, and stirrup. |
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| contains the cochlea, semicircular calas, and vestibular sacs |
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| in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the dochlea's membrane is stimulated. |
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| in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch |
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| theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or information coming from the brain. |
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| the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. |
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| depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes. |
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| distance cues, such as linear perspective and overlap, available to either eye alone. |
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| a binocular cue for perceiving depth: greater distance=one is closer |
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| a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent ot whicht he eyes converge inward when looking at an object. |
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| interposition, relative size, relative clarity, texture gradient, relative height, relative motion, linear perspective, light and shadow. |
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| an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession |
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| in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field |
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| a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. |
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| extrasensory perception (ESP) |
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| the controvesial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; telpathy, clairvoyance, and precognition |
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| the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESp and psychokinesis |
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