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Midterm Exam
Terms to know for Willoughby's Midterm
15
Social Studies
Undergraduate 1
10/11/2011

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Term
Pure truth
Definition
Spiritual knowledge, actual truth
Term
Diluted truth
Definition
secular knowledge; pure truth poorly interpreted, with limited knowledge
Term
relative truth
Definition
truth acquired/learned through personal experiences.
--the problem with attaining truth this way is bias; our knowledge is distorted because it is based on pre-existing preferences
Term
Construct
Definition
How we conceptualize something that cannot be measured directly (love, happiness, conflict).
Term
variable
Definition
something that varies and is measurable
Term
dependent variable
Definition
what we want to know about
Term
independent variable
Definition
what predicts our dependent variable
Term
relationships
Definition
how two or more variables interact
Term
quantitative research
Definition
research focused around numbers and statistics
Term
qualitative research
Definition
research focused around understanding meaning (case studies, interviews, etc.)
Term
major sources of bias and their definitions
Definition
sample bias: the people and families we learn from will limit our findings in some way; results won't be accurate for families outside the sample, especially if our bias interferes with the research question

researcher bias: the individuals who do the studying are changing the results (intentionally or unintentionally); the researcher's motivations influence the research itself

overgeneralization: we make assumptions about a large group that are not necessarily true based on our observations about a small group
Term
sample
Definition
the small group we study to make inferences about a population (inferential statistics=drawing conclusions based on analyzing a sample)
Term
causation
Definition
to determine one thing causes another
Term
correlation
Definition
to co-relate two things together
Term
spurious relationships
Definition
relationships that look real mathematically but are not in the real world. ex: ice cream sales and crime show statistical significance but really summer is the lurking variable
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