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| Heating of the inner portions of Earth resulted from fusion of _____ |
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| Planet earth had very _____ atmosphere at the time of its formation |
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| A rock sample from Saturn, if brought back to Earth would be much _____ than any common Earth rock |
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| Is the universe expanding today? |
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| What theory is Edwin Hubble famous for? |
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| The Big Bang Theory - theory of an expanding universe |
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| Mars has an atmosphere at 0.7% of that of Earth and is mostly ____ |
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| Venus has an atmosphere at 90x that of Earth and is mostly ____ |
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| Galaxies have a reddish color due to the ________ of moving away |
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| The origin of the universe is called the _______ |
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| The universe formed __________ years ago |
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| Our solar system's "great mop up" occurred _______ years ago |
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| The fuel of stars including our Sun is ______ |
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| The fuel of planets and their moons is ________ |
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| The radioactive fuel of Earth is |
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| Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium |
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| The early Earth's atmosphere was mostly made of __________ |
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| carbon dioxide, water, and hydrogen sulfide |
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| Relative to the age of Earth, the fraction of time tha thumans have existed is _____& |
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| __________ of the Earth formed the core and mantle, melted iron and some nickel, led to formation of magnetic field, occurred soon after planetary formation |
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| ________ on Earth began in the oceans, dates back to at least 3.8 billion years, was of one-celled bacteria and algae, and thrived near sea floor plate boundaries |
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| The ________ extinction was caused by asteroid impact, led to the end of the Age of Reptiles, led to the beginning of the Age of Mammals, occurred at 66 million years ago |
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| Humans on earth as genus homo date back to |
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| Humans on earth as homo sapien date back to |
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| Humans on earth did not have a population of about 1 billion until the year of |
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| Humans on earth settled the America's during the last |
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| The current human population on our planet is |
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| Earth's early atmosphere was derived from |
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| The core of the earth is principally composed of |
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| The convecting zone of partial melt in the mantle is termed the |
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| The oldest rocks within the continents date back to the |
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| The oldest life forms on planet Earth include |
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| Island arcs result from ______ of two ocean plates |
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| ______ zone earthquakes range in depth from shallow at the trench to several hundred kilometers beneath the overriding plate. |
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| Ocean crust is _____ at the the ocean ridges and becomes progressively ____ with distance from the ridge |
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| The longest mountain range of the Earth is mostly _______ |
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| _________ connect ends of offset ocean ridges. |
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| Rifting of ______ resulted in the formation of Laurasia and Gondwanaland |
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| The present site of the Ural Mountains represents the demise of a _________ |
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| A ________ plate boundary is one marked by volcanism, compressional deformation, and an inclined zone of earthquakes |
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| a _______ plate boundary is one marked by volcanism, extension, and shallow earthquakes |
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| the Mediterranean is a remnant of the |
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| Volcanic Islands above subduction zones have _____ trends because the earth is round. |
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| Continents and island arcs grow in size at zones of subduction by the dual processes of _______ and ________ |
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| The wedge of sediments accumulating off shore of a rifted continental margin is known as a ____ |
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| The author of the theory of Continental Drift was also shot twice in WWI, set an air balloon record in 1906, wrote the book “The Origin of the Continents and Oceans” in 1915, and later died in a 1930 expedition in Greenland where his remains continue to be buried in ice. He was |
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| Most of the Earth's seafloor has been recycled back into the _____ |
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| The greater the distance to an earthquake epicenter, the _____ the time between primary and secondary waves. |
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| The ________ ________ represent the remnants of a Himalayan type mountain chain, formed 3 stages of island arc, and continental collision |
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| Continental collision results in a ________, __________, __________, __________ |
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| double thickness of continental crust, the formation of unusually high mountains within the interior of a continent, the end of subduction, a fault suture marked by fault-bounded slabs of serpentinite |
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| The difference in magnitude between earthquakes with Richter and/or moment magnitudes 2 and 5 is _____ |
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| The Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale is used to ______________ |
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| access probable damage over the region impacted by an earthquake |
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| The youngest ocean crust can be found at _______ |
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| The alps formed from collision of Europe with _____ |
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| Seismologists have abandoned the Richter magnitude in favor of ______ |
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| _________ waves travel the fastest and are the first to be felt during an earthquake |
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| The intense ground shaking on water-saturated ground is termed _______ |
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| Pahoehoe is a Hawaiian term applied to blocky basalt flows. True or False |
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| Ocean crust is primarily comprised of basalt. True or false |
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| Mauna Loa of Hawaii is an example of a ______ volcano |
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| Basalts are the most fluid (less viscous) of lava flows because of their __________ |
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| magmas rise because they have low _____ |
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| Ocean Island "tracks" such as that of Hawaii and the Emperor Seamount Chain indicate plate motion _____ to the direction of "younging" of the volcanic islands and seamounts |
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| Basalt forms from the melting of _____ |
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| hot spot volcanoes originate from the ________ |
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| large igneous intrusions are known as _____ |
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| a ____ is a thin, cross-cutting intrusion |
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| a ___ is a thin intrusion that runs parallel or concordant to layers |
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| _____ texture results from slow cooling deep in the earth |
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| ____ are frozen bubbles in a volcanic rock |
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| volcanic explosions yield _____ texture |
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| From high to low temp, the minerals in Bowen's Reaction Series are ___, ____, ____, ___ |
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| olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite |
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| The port town of St Pierre on the Caribbean Island of Martinique, was destroyed by a nuee ardente. True or false |
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| ocean crust melts during subduction forming andesite magma, the dominant volcanic rock of island arcs. true or false |
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| andesitic and rhyolitic eruptions tend to be explosive because of their gas content and high viscosity. true or false |
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| volcanic activity of the cascade mountain range of the pacific northwest results from continental collision. true or false |
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| rhyolite is the least fluid (most viscous) form of lava because of its ____________ |
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| mount st. helens is an example of ______ volcano |
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| _______ zones have the most earthquakes, have the deepest earthquakes, have the most violent volcanoes, descend to the core-mantle boundary |
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| the common igneous rock of the ocean crust is ____ |
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| a ropey type of basalt lava is termed ____ |
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| a blocky type of basalt is termed ___ |
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| a volcanic mudflow is known as ____ |
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| andesite magma results from partial melting of the rock _____ |
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| a cindercone volcano is principally comprised of _______ |
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| air fall, pyroclastic basaltic material |
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| the broad volcano made up of solely basalt lava flows is a _______ |
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| after 400 years of being dormant, what volcano is now erupting in sumatra? |
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