Term
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Definition
| in grams of salt per kilogram of seawater |
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Term
| sodium and chloride ions account for ___% of the salt ions present in seawater. |
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Definition
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Term
| elements present in seawater at concentrations less than 1 ppm. |
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Definition
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Term
| the term for the major constituents of open ocean seawater that do not change their ratios with respect to one another |
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Definition
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Term
| original sources of the salts in the world's oceans |
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Definition
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Term
| sedimentary deposits of salt left behind after a portion of the sea has undergone tremendous evaporation |
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Definition
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Term
| most important process for the removal of elements from seawater |
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Definition
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Term
| average time that an ion remains in solution in seawater |
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Definition
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Term
| the quantity of silver required to remove all of the halogens from .3285 kilograms of seawater |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of gas that can be held in solution without causing the solution to either gain or lose gass |
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Definition
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Term
| when is water termed anoxic? |
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Definition
| when it has been stripped of dissolved oxygen |
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Term
| ions required for plant growth |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of obtaining fresh water from salt water |
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Definition
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Term
| the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| generally between 7.5 and 8.5 |
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Term
| non-oxygen using bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| when the concentration of a substance in water is greater than the saturation level for that substance |
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Definition
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Term
| the area of rising air at the equator |
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Definition
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Term
| the prevailing winds between the equator and 30 degrees north & south |
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Definition
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Term
| topography can influence precipitation patterns in what is called.... |
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Definition
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Term
| the lowest layer of the atmosphere |
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Definition
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Term
| the molecule that consists of three oxygen atoms |
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Definition
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Term
| high velocity winds at great altitude |
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Definition
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Term
| the magnitude of the Coriolis effect _______ with increasing latitude. |
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Definition
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Term
| lines of constant atmospheric pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| the highest layer of the atmosphere |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Southern Hemisphere, winds blow _______ around low-pressure centers. |
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Definition
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Term
| formed when air is warmed at one location and cooled at another |
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Definition
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Term
| Air becomes less ______ when it is warmed. |
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Definition
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Term
| what dry air is mostly made up of |
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Definition
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Term
| The pressure of a column of mercury 1 cm high is equal to a ____? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the land heats up faster than the adjacent water, what forms? |
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Definition
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Term
| the mixing of two water masses to form a denser water mass that sinks |
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Definition
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Term
| Thermohaline circulation is also known as... |
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Definition
| density-driven circulation |
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Term
| the zone of rapid change in desnity with depth |
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Definition
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Term
| density of seawater is controlled primarily by changes in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| a zone of rapid change in temperature in seawater |
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Definition
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Term
| what is to be if salinity is constant over depth |
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Definition
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Term
| circulation that is driven by density differences caused by changes in temperature and salinity |
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Definition
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Term
| the densest water in the oceans |
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Definition
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Term
| areas in which water sinks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| an area where waters are driven together |
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Definition
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Term
| water sampling bottles can be opened at specific depths by sending a _____ down a wire. |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of obtaining a water sample at some depth |
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Definition
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Term
| an instrument that measures conductivity and temperature changes as it descends |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens when a water column is unstable and begins to mix |
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Definition
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Term
| this occurs where surface waters flow away from each other |
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Definition
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Term
| when there is a strong habitat relationship with organisms and water masses |
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Definition
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Term
| currents that twist and pinch rings of water |
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Definition
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Term
| North Atlantic deep water flows toward the |
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Definition
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Term
| the phenomena of stronger currents in the western North Pacific than in the eastern North Pacific |
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Definition
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Term
| microphones placed in the water to detect sound |
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Definition
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Term
| the large, roughly circular cells of water that route around ocean basins and are driven the prevailing winds |
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Definition
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Term
| the far southern current that circles the globe around Antarctica |
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Definition
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Term
| the eastward flowing current along the equator, under the doldrums |
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Definition
| equatorial countercurrent |
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Term
| water movement that occurs as a result of a balance between gravity and the Coriolis effect |
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Definition
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Term
| wind driven currents will continue to move after the winds cease because of |
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Definition
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Term
| The Gulf Stream is fed by the...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gyres in the Northern Hemisphere rotate...? |
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Definition
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Term
| this is how water is driven into the center of gyres |
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Definition
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Term
| the changing direction of water movement with depth in response to the overlying wind |
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Definition
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Term
| Measuring current directions and speeds by changes in the frequency of sound is based on... |
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Definition
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Term
| the most common instruments used to measure the speed and direction of currents |
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Definition
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Term
| surface water sinks in areas of? |
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Definition
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Term
| deep water rises to the surface in areas of...? |
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Definition
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Term
| An excellent example of the transport of water into the center of a large gyre is the _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cyclical changes in global climate are known as....? |
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Definition
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