Term
| Macrophages can act as APC. Which of these can also be an APC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Macropphages can recognize an antibody bound to the surface of a bacterial cell. What part of the antibody is recognized by a receptor on the macrophage surface that enables the macrophage to phagocytose the bacterium? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is found on the opposite side from the apical surface of a layer of polarized epithelial cells: |
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Definition
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Term
| This bacteria is commonly found on the skin and is associated with infections caused by catheters that penetrate the skin: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these cells IS NOT a professional phagocyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which small complement fragment acts to increase the permeability of endothelial cells and is also a cytokine that brings in phagocytic cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| The binding of this protein to the surface of bacteria is the first step in the alternative pathway of complement activation: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the VALENCE of an IgM antibody? |
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Definition
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Term
| T-helper cells must have this protein on their surface: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of antibody is responsible for the majority of MUCOSAL immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| MHC class I or II proteins are often associated with this process: |
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Definition
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Term
| The PRIMARY barrier to bacterial infections in the lungs is: |
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Definition
| Removal of bacteria by ciliated columnar epithelial cells |
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Term
| In the original IVET method, bacteria were isolated from the mouse SPLEEN after infection with strains of _S. typhimurium_ carrying the insertions of the IVET plasmid. How were the bacteria introduced into the mouse in the first place? |
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Definition
| The bacteria were injected into the bloodstream (only way for it to get to the spleen) |
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Term
| To use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to track the epidemiology of a food poisoning outbreak, chromosomal DNA is first treated with this type of enzyme: |
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Definition
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Term
| In the signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) procedure, non-virulent mutants are often recovered alive from the mouse spleen. (T/F) |
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Definition
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Term
| This enzyme is important int he procedure to set up in-vitro analysis of DNA microarrays in order to examine the level of transcription of genes in a bacterium: |
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Definition
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Term
| In a 2-D gel, in which SDS-PAGE is run from the top of the gel to the bottom, where would a very large protein be found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protein is the SUBSTRATE for the LTI toxin (labile enterotoxin) of ETEC? |
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Definition
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Term
| LTI is an A-B toxin. How many copies of the A subunit are present in the complete toxin? |
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Definition
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Term
| This protein is PART of the NEEDLE of the type II secretion apparatus in EPEC strains: |
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Definition
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Term
| In EPEC infections, the bacteria end up on a pedestal-like structure. What bacterial-derived protein acts as a the nucleation site for actin polymerization in the host cell (hint: remember the film shown in lecture on pedestal formation)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which age group is MOST LIKELY to suffer from hemolytic uremic syndrome after eating contaminated food containing _E. Coli_ O157:H7? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the substrate of the Shiga toxin like toxin (Stx) produced by the EHEC strains? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyelonephritis is an infection of the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Uropathogenic _E. coli_ strains (i.e., those that cause urinary tract infections) readily colonize in the intestinal tract. (T/F) |
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Definition
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Term
| The OUTER layer of skin is mostly composed of |
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Definition
| Stratified Squamous epithelium |
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Term
| Which of these cells can kill infected host cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells are the FIRST to move from the bloodstream to the site of a bacteria infection by passing between endothelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which molecule acts as the host cell RECEPTOR for the ETEC heat labile enterotoxin LT-1? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these body parts has the LOWEST concentrations of endogenous normal flora? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many DIFFERENT subunits are there in an IgG molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these molecules can bind to substances found on almost all bacteria (Hint: the binding is very non-specific)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the complement pathway actually causes the death of the infecting bacterium? |
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Definition
| Membrane attack complex (MAC) |
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Term
| Which type of cell is need to stimulate B cells to produce large quantities of antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gnotobiotic animals require certain vitamins because they lack the normal gut flora that produces them. Which of the following vitamins are required by gnotobiotic animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which test is most often done to determine if a patient has a sexually transmitted chlamydial infection? |
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Definition
| Growth of the bacterium in tissue culture |
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Term
| For a protein to be used to identify a gene on the chromosome, this must be determined: |
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Definition
| the amino acid SEQUENCE of the protein |
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Term
| When using a DNA microarray to determine the expression level (ie. transcription) of all the bacterial genes, the starting material isolated from the bacterium must be: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these parts of a bacterial cell are most likely to function as an adhesion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme does the Gs protein regulate in epithelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following virotypes causes bloody diarrhea (dysentery)? |
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Definition
| ETEC (Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)) |
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Term
| How many types of secretion are found in bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _Haemophilus influenzae_ type b (Hib) vaccine is a conjugate vacine. To what protein is the _H. influenzae_ polysaccharide conjugated to make it an effective vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| When booster shots are given, this leads to a decrease in the AFFINITY of the responding antibodies to the vaccine. (T/F) |
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Definition
| FALSE - INCREASES affinity |
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Term
| The EHEC virotype of _E. coli_ is very closely related to this virotype, except that EHEC makes a shiga-like toxin: |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta-Lactam antibiotics do not enter eukaryotic cells and are therefore useless against intracellular bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| In order to cause meningitis, _E. coli_ must be able to: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which virotype of _E. coli_ is most often found living inside intestinal epithelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which virotype of _E. coli_ is most often associated with TRAVELER'S diarrhea? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you bought a hamburger at a fast food restaurant, what RELIABLE METHOD could you use to determine if it might be contaminated with live O157:H7 _E.coli_? |
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Definition
| Ask the counter worker how long they cook their burgers. |
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