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| from the french word for "re-birth"; the artistic, cultural, and inrellectual movement marked by a revival of classical and humanistic values that began in Italy in the mid-fourteenth century and had spread across Europe by the mid-sixteenth century. |
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| The Latin term given by Renaissance scholars to new intellectual pursuits that were based on recently discovered ancient texts, including moral philosophy, history, grammar, rhetoric, and poetry. This is new learning stoof in sharp contrast to medieval scholasticism. |
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| an attitude that is concerned with humanity, its achievements, and its potential; the study of the humanities; in the early renaissance, identified with studia humanitatis. |
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| a style inspired by Classical rather than Gothis models that arose among Florentine architects, sculptors, and painters in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. |
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| In linear perspective, the point on the horizon at which the receding parallel lines appear to converge and the vanish. |
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| In architecture, a vertical, rectangualr decorative device projecting from a wall that gives the appearance of a column with a base and a capital; sometiems called an applied collumn. |
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| In sculpture, figures or forms that are carved so that they project from the flat surface of a stone or metal background. HIGH relief projects sharply from the surface, LOW(BAS) relief is more shallow. |
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| In painting, the use of dark and light contrast to create the eddect of modeling of a figure or object. |
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| In painting, the blending of one tone into another to blur the outline of a form and give the canvas a smokelike appearance; a technique perfected by Leonardo da Vinci. |
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| In religion, the ritual celebrating the Eucharist, or Holy Communion, primarily in the Roman Catholic Church. The Mass has two parts, the Ordinary and the Proper; the former remains the same throughout the church year, whereas the latter changes for each date and service. |
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| A multivoiced song with words of a sacred or secular text, usually sung without accompanying instruments; develt in the thirteenth century. |
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| In music, a technique inwhich a musical idea, or motif, is presented by one voice or instrument and is then followed immediately by a restatement by another voice or instrument; effect of musical relay race. |
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| The period from about 1495 to 1530, often associated with the patronage of the popes in Rome, when the most influential artists and writers of rhe Renaissance (including Michelangelo, Raphael, da Vinci, and Machiavelli, were producing their greatest works. |
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| a cultural movement between 1520 and 1600 that grew out of a rebellion against the Renaissance artistic norms of symmetry and balance; characterized in art by distortion and incongruity and in thought and literature by the belief that human nature is depraved. |
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| An italian Reniassance ideal, characterized by dedicated and educated citizens who served as administrators and civil servants in their cities; inspired by the periods Classical revival. |
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| A polyphonic song performed without accompaniment and based on a secular text, often a love lyric; especially popular in the sixteenth century. |
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| a painting or sculpture depicting the mourning Virgin and dead Christ. |
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| In Reniassance architecture, a building style that envisioned buildings as composed of seperate units; in the painting of stage scenery, the art of perspective representaion. |
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| In architecture, a rail and he row of posts that supposr it, as along the edge of a staircase or around a dome. |
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| A set of musical instruments in the same family, ranging from bass to soprano; also, a group of musicians who entertain by singing or playing instruments. |
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| The doctines and practices of the church of england, which was established in the early sixteenth century under Henry VII. |
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| The sixteenth-century religious movement that looked back to the ideals of early Christianity, called for moral and structural changes in the church, and led ultimately to the founding of the various Protestant churches. |
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| A late-sixteenth-century movement in the catholic church aimed at reestablishing its basic beliefs, reforming its organizational structure, and reasserting itself as the authoritative voice of Christianity. |
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| An intellectual movement in sixteenth-century nothern Europe that sought to use the ideals of the Classical world, the tools of ancient learning, and the morals of the Christian scriptures to rif the church of worldliness and scandal. |
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| The sixteenth century cultural movement im Northern Eurpope that was launched by the northward spread of Italian Renaissance art, culture, and ideals. The northern Renaissance differed from the Italian Renaissace largely because of the persistance of the Late Gothic Style and the infolding of the Reformation after 1520. |
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| A type of play popular in sixteenth -century England, probably rooted in Roman tragedies and concerned with the need for a family to seek revenge for the murder of a relative. |
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| In painting, a set of three hinged or folding panels depicting a religious story, mainly used as an altarpiece. |
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| A pithy saying, thought to convey folk wisdom or a general truth. |
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| The beliefs and practices of the Puritans, a small but influential religious group devoted to the teachings of John Calvin; theu stressed strict rules of personal and public behavior and practiced their beliefs in England and the New World during seventeenth century. |
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| The doctrine, litugy, and institutional structure of the chruch founded in the sixteenth century by Martin Luther,who stressed the authority of the bible, the faith of the individual, and the worshiper's direct communication with God as the bases of new religion. |
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| The theological beliefs and rituals set forth in and detived from John Calvin's writings, placing emphasis on the power of God and the weakness of human beings. |
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| Members of the Society of Jesus, the best-organized and most effective monastic order founded during the Counter-Reformation to combat Protestantism and spread Roman Catholicism around the world. |
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| The last stage of th Mannerist movement, characterized by exaggeration and distortion, especially in painting. |
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| A Late Medieval literary form that presented romantic storied of knights and their ladies; the dominant literary form in Spain from the Late Middle Ages into the Renaissance. |
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| From the Spanish term for "rogue". A type of literature, originating in the sixteenth-century Spain, the recounted the comic misadventures of a rougish hero who lived by his wits, often at the expense of the high and mighty; influenced novel writing across Europe, especially in England, France |
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| In music, the illustration of an idea, meaning, or feeling associated with a word, as, for example, using a discordant melody when the word pain is sung. This technique is especially identified with the sixteenth-century madrigal. |
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Defensive pact signed in 1454 by Milan, Florence and Venice, established a delicate balance of power and ensured peace in Italy for forty years.
Peace of Lodi came apart in 1494, when a french army led by Charles VIII (r. 1483-1498) entered in Italy in the hope of promoting French monarchic ambitions. |
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| Giovanni Pico della Mirandola |
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329
Prized student of Ficinos
his goal was thr synthesis of platonism and arisototeliansim within christian framework thaqt also encompassed other eastern ideas.
second important contribution was the concept of individual worth. 'Oration of the Dignity of Man' gives the highest expression to this idea whish is inherent in the humanist tradition. According to pico human beings endowed with reason and speech, are created as a microcosm of the universe. Believes humanas have free will and make their own descions. |
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330-333
-140472 wrote at length on Brunelleschi innovations
-believed that architecture should embody the humanistic qualities of dignity balance control and harmony and that a buildings ultimate beauty rested on mathematical harmony of its seperate parts. |
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325-326 353 363
-dominated florentine politics and cultural life from 1434-1494, sometimes functioning as despots.
-giovanni, cosimo, lorenzo |
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331 333 335 336 337
-1386-1466
-revived classical practices that had not been seen in the west for more than a thousand years: the freestadnig figure; thr technique of contrapposto or a figure balanced with most of the weight on one leg. |
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326 329 330 342-44
-1445-1510
-one of the first florentie artists to master noth linear and atmospheric perspective
-he was less interested in the technical aspects of painting than he was in depicting laguid beauty and poetical truth.
-'primevera/allegory of spring' 'birth of venus' |
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332-334
-designed dome of florence catherdral |
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337-39
-1381-1455
-rival to donatello
-defeated Brun. in a competition to select the sculptor of FLorences Baptistery.
-panels
-'Gates of paradise' 'The story of Cain and Abel' 'The annunciation' |
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human nature is compliantly evil.
-the ends justify the means |
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361
-1478-1529
-'The book of the Courtier'
-ideals on manners |
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378-79 429
-moving force behind high renaissance architecture
-scenographic style
-'Tempietto' |
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353
-22 year reign
brought artistic and intellectual ideals to northern europe |
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386
-wrote a five part satire called 'The Histories of Gargantua and Pantagruel'
-attacked the churches abuses and ridiculed the clergy and theologians.
-affirmed goodness of humannature and the ability of men to lead useful lives based on reason and common sense. |
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387
-northern humanists
-believed in the education of hunmaintas sencse adovacated by Cicero
-emphasizing the study of the classics and honoring the dignity of the individual.
'praise of folly' he pokes fun at the human race by making his mouthpiece a personified folly (ridicules every social group with jolly satire) |
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387
friend of Erasmus, who he dedicated 'Encomium Moriae' (reflects a lightheartded spirit) |
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388-89
1530/1596
-absolutism
-leader, rise above the fractures of italy and bring everyone together |
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390
literature 1533/1592
-The essays
-self awareness |
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391
1564/1616
-northern renaissance literature
-self awareness/investigation of the human motivations |
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413
1547-1616
-'Don quixote' challenged chilvaric novels |
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384 393 404
-'knight death and the devil' 1513
-printing plates |
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394
'the crucifixion' 1515 |
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407
-never married
-common prayer
-queen of england and anglican church |
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407
-founded anglicanism
-divorce issue* |
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389 463
1514-1564
-proved the uniqueness of the human body
-influenced modern thought |
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396
-'garden of earthly delights'
-enigmatic
-mystery life; expressed relgion in an unusual way |
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397-399
-'netherlandish proverbs'
-common folk, landscapes, folk narratives (not religious) |
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410-411
-expressed the spirit of counter reformation (after 1576)
- works were considered bizarre
-'Cardinal Guevara' 'The Burial of Count Orgaz' |
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412
-praised by michelangelo
-court painter
- |
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414
-venetian artist
-arrangements seem sculptural
-'last supper'
-reaction against titian |
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