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| 9000 bc: oldest continuosly inhabited city in the world, first site with wall and tower, Workforce and leadership was needed |
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| important city of Sumer, founded roughly same time as Isin, subordinate to it, When Gungunum became governor he broke from Isin, started own dynasty, captured Ur. |
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| 1991 BC to 1962 BC, Was the first ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty, moved the capital from Thebes to Itjtawy, claimed he united Egypt, he didn’t. Assassinated in 1962 |
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| - It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god, Enlil, ruler of the cosmos subject to An alone. Neutral meeting place for rulers. No ruler, not political power, religious in nature. |
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| 7500 BCE to 5700, buildings built into one another, accessed from roof. Religious rooms spread throughout buildings |
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| 3700-3300, High population density, monumental architecture, Long distance trade, Central hub for regional economy |
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| 5500-4800, succeeded and eventually replaced Samarra, Larger settlements, very fine pottery, maybe not from region, social prestige |
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| first mass produced product, cant hold liquid, hold grain |
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| king of Alalakh in the 15th century BC |
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| earliest known writing system, wedge shape writing, use clay to write, evolution of an earlier Mesopotamian accounting system |
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| 1792-1750, inherited the thorn of Babylon, possibly vassal of Larsa, Hammurabi's Code, one of the first written codes of law in recorded history. |
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| one of oldest and most significant of the deities in the Ancient Egyptian religion, told by his mother, Isis, to protect the people of Egypt from Set, the god of the desert, storms and chaos. |
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| The Tale of Sinuhe is considered one of the finest works of Ancient Egyptian literature. Most likely a work of fiction. Sinuhe is an important official who accompanies Prince Senwosret I in Libya. He overhears a conversation connected with the death of King Amenemhet I and as a result flees to Upper Retjenu (Canaan), leaving Egypt behind. |
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| king of the Hittites ca. 1460 BC, was able to recover a little ground from the Hurrians of Mitanni, by forming an alliance with the Hurrians of Kizzuwatna; |
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| – 2254-2218, son of manishtushu, retook lands taken by Sargon, changed name to “king of four quarters” (the world), becomes divine |
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| - Ancient Egyptian concept of truth, balance, order, law, morality, and justice. Also personified as a goddess |
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| - late-generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon, |
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| - Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled in the 31st century BC. he is considered by some to be the unifier of Egypt and founder of the First dynasty, first king |
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| – 5500-3700, 1st major culture to settle in southern Mesopotamia, extensive irrigation required, becomes dominate through large portions of Mesopotamia and beyond |
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| – craved stone, leave impression in clay, used as signatures, designs often mthyical |
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| 2800, 12 tablet series, two parts god, one part man, son of Lugalbanda and the fifth king of Uruk, Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the best known works of early literature, which says that his mother was Ninsun (whom some call Rimat Ninsun), a goddess |
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| credited with founding the First dynasty, sometime around 3100 BC.[ |
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| - “the king is legitimate”, birth legend oldest example 1500 years after his reign, father was a sate farmer, rose to important position in court of Urrzababa; king of kish- cupbearer, engaged in long distance trade. |
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| type of Ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward sloping sides |
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| - 2095 BC–2047 BC , was the second king of the "Sumerian Renaissance, known for his extensive revision of the scribal school's curriculum. Established systems of taxation for heartland and outlying areas. |
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| 3500–3200, first marl pottery, and metalworking |
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| - Ancient Egyptian artifact which was instrumental in advancing modern understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, written in 3 different scripts- greek, demotic, hieroglyphic script- Champollion translated it. |
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| - 2589 to 2566 B.C, builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza, remembered as a cruel and ruthless pharaoh |
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| best-known pharaoh of the Third dynasty of Egypt. commissioned his official, Imhotep (ca. 2650-2600 BC), to build the first of the pyramids |
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| - 1822 BC to 1763 BC, ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa |
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| – , ancient capital of the first nome of Lower Egypt, |
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| - 2650-2600 BC, chancellor to Djoser, high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. |
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