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active involvement in community life and social issues |
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one who communicates w/ the objective of audience agreement. consists of oppositional viewpoints, emotionally high stakes. |
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art of what is persuasive |
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it is addressed to others |
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propositional (7 p of rhetoric) |
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developed through complete thoughts and ideas, coherent and structured |
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purposive (7 p of rhetoric) |
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problem-solving (7 p of rhetoric) |
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pragmatic (7 p of rhetoric) |
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stresses practical outcomes |
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displays ritualistic, aesthetic, dramatic, and emotional |
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powerful (7 p of rhetoric) |
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prompts our participation and move toward action |
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accept assertions on faith, tuning into claims w/ disagreements, distinguishes facts from opinion and logic from emotion, identifies sources |
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prefers working in group and w/ others, sociable, outspoken, less sensitive to interruption |
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prefers working alone, thinks before shares, more sensitive to interruption |
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prefer facts/figures, operates in the now, attention to detail |
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imaginative/inventive/creative, focus on big pic |
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analyze physical evidence, systematic, critical, task oriented |
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empathetic, focus on connection w/ others and group harmony |
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spontaneous, flexible, easily distracted, needs info, insecure w/ decision |
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decisive, makes a plan, stubborn, stays on task |
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process of finding/selecting symbols that represent cognitive feelings |
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interpretation of the message |
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chosen thoughts that we select to help the receiver make sense of message |
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nonverbal feelings that are represented via behaviors |
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inform, convince, motivate, celebrate a psychological impact on the listener |
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working with audiences observable traits to make psychological characterizations. use age, socio-economic, gender, ethnicity, etc. to make assumptions. not the same as stereotyping |
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appear knowledgeable, trustworthy, and has goodwill. all enhance ones ethos |
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generating content and strategies for a speech |
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how to organize/structure material. typically via intro, body, conclusion. obtains outlines and transitions. |
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how to select pattern of arrangement |
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subject matter, purpose of speech, and audience of speech |
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function's to develop/organize content |
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preparational/full sentence outline |
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includes quotes, stats, and transitions. open to revision. |
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generally briefer and more condensed than the preparation outline. |
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the most in depth outline |
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gain attention, orient audience towards topic, state topic, preview structure |
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signal end of speech, summarize, re-emphasize thesis, leave on appropriate terms |
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provides clarity and smoothness. vocal transitions, internal summaries (recap previous point followed by new point), internal previews (preview of specific main point), signposting (indicating what key idea/topic is under consideration via repetition) |
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how one communicates via word choice. "girl" or "woman". needs clarity, appropriateness, simplicity, familiarity, and vividness |
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repeat same beginning sounds. pete picked peppers |
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words imitate sounds. boom. |
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repeating words for emphasis |
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variation of repetition by using similar words. of the people, by the people, for the people |
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opposing concepts and phrases are paired in a sentence. ask not what country can do for you, ask what you can do for country. |
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mastering material via practice |
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