Term
What is Anatomy and Physiology? |
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Definition
| Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts where as physiology is the study of the functions of body parts. |
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Term
| Talk about the structural organization of the body. |
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Definition
| Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level. see pg 5 |
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Term
| what do the different organ systems do? |
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Definition
skeletal - provides for and function
muscular- movement
nervous - transfer of information
endocrine - regulation of hormones
cardiovascular - circulates blood
lymphatic system - returns excess fluids back to cardiovascular system
respiratory system - bring in the o2
digestive system - absorb nutrients get rid of waste |
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Term
Skin markings
Nevus (mole or birth mark)
Freckles
Hemangioma
Friction Ridges |
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Definition
Nevus (mole or birth mark) - overgrowth of melanin-forming cells, harmless unless it mutates and becomes malignant
Freckles - yellowish or brown spots form excessive malnocyte activity, not increased malanocyte cels
Hemangioma - proliferation of blood vessels, bright red to deep purple in color
Friction Ridges - formed by large folds and valleys of the dermis and epidermis |
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Term
three types of hair-
lanugo
vellus
terminal |
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Definition
lanugo - fetal
vellus - fine hair on most of the body
terminal - head, pubic region, armpit, male facial hair |
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Term
BURNS
1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree |
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Definition
1st - damages epidermis
2nd - damages epidermis and part of the dermis, blister
3rd - damages entire epidermis and dermis |
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Term
skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma |
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Definition
basal cell - most common and least dangerous, originates in stratum basale
squamous - arises from keratinocytes
malignant melanoma - most deadly, arises from melanocytes, usually a preexisting mole |
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Term
| ABCD rule f malignant melanoma recognition |
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Definition
A - asymmetry- one half of mole doesn't match the other
B - border- edges notched, irregular, blured or ragged
C - color- not uniform, different shades
D - diameter- larger than 1/4 inch |
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Term
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Definition
fibrocartilage- contains thick collagen fibers, intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, pubic symphysis
hyaline- flexible but resilient, found in respiratory system (larynx, trachea, bronchi) costal cartilage, nose, articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, fetal skeleton
elastic- contains elastic fibers, epiglottis and auricle of the ear |
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Term
Bone clasification by structure
long
short
flat
irregular |
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Definition
long (humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals
short ( carpals, tarsals, sesamoid bones (patella))
flat - skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs
irregular - vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, os coxa, ethmoid, sphenoid |
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Term
What are the cells of the bone?
osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts |
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Definition
osteoprogenitor cells - mesenchymal cell that turns into one of the things below
osteoblasts - build bone by secreting osteoid
osteocytes mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix
osteoclasts - consume bone (bone resorption) |
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Term
| tell me about the 2 kinds of bone tissue! |
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Definition
compact bone - aka cortical bone, lined by the periosteum (dense irregular connective tissue), contains osteons (the fundamental functional unit of compace bone)
spongy bone - also called cancellous or trabecular bone, lined by endosteum, often contains red bone barrow, fundamental functional unit is the trabecule |
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Term
BONE GROWTH
Where/what is interstitial growth and appositional growth |
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Definition
interstitial growth (length) - occurs at epiphyseal plates
appositional growth (thickness) - occurs at the periosteum and endosteum |
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Term
what are the different types of bone fractures?
-simple fracture, open or compound, stress fracture, pathologic fracture? |
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Definition
simple fracture - bone doesn't pierce the skin
open or compound fracture - bone pierces the skin
stress fracture - thin break from repetitive loads
pathologic fracture - disease weakens bones |
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Term
The Inner Cell mass or the embryo blast become the?
the trophoblast become the??? |
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Definition
embryo
becomes fetal half of placenta |
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Term
Trophoblast dicides into what two layers??
The inner cell mass divides into what two layers??? |
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Definition
cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast
epiblast, hypoblast |
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Term
| what happens during embryonic period?? |
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Definition
| primitive streak forms, gastrulation, body folding, neurlation, limb buds form, organogenesis. |
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Term
| what are the derivatives of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm layers respectively?? |
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Definition
ectoderm: skin and nervous tissue
mesoderm: muscle tissue, heart, kidneys, reproductive organs, connective tissue
endoderm: digestive and respiratory systems |
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Term
| Tell me a hormone, chemical, physical and infectious agent teratogen! |
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Definition
hormone - adrogenic hormones cause labial fusion
chemical - alcohol cause fetal alcohol syndrome
physical - x-rays cause microcephaly
infectious agents - HIV causes ya tu sabe |
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Term
| what is epithelial tissue, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue? |
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Definition
epithelial - tissue that protects the percumal cells, keeps the outside out, inside in.
connective tissue - tissue that connects, supports, or separates diff. tissues and organs throughout the body
muscle tissue - movement
nerous tissue - sense, regulates and controls body functions |
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Term
| Intercellular Junctions??? |
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Definition
tight junctions- most superficial junctions
adhering junctions - like belt, connects cells
desmosome- like a button
hemidesmosome - half a button
gap junction - junction that lets things through |
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Term
| what are the functions and locations of simple quamous epithelium??? |
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Definition
functions: diffusion, filtration
locations: lung air sacs (alveoli), lining of blood vessels, serous membranes |
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Term
| what are the functions and locations of sumple cuboidal epithelium??? |
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Definition
functions: absorption, secretion
locations: kidney tubules, glands |
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Term
| what are the functions and locations of simple columnar epitheliam? |
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Definition
functions: absorption, secretion, movement (if ciliated)
location: non-ciliated: stomach, small and large intestine
ciliated: uterine tubes |
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Term
| what are the functions and locations of stratified squamous epithelium? |
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Definition
funciton: protection
locations: oral cavity, pharynx (throat), esophagus, vagina, anus, epidrmis of skin |
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Term
| what are the functions and locations of pseudostratified columnar epithelium? |
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Definition
functions: protection, movement (if ciliated)
locations: respiratory tract (includes nasal cavity) |
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Term
| what are the functions and locations of transitional epithelium??? |
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Definition
functions: distention and relaxation of urinary structures
locations: ureters, bladder, urethra |
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Term
| glands.... exocrin and endocrine??? |
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Definition
exocrine - ducts secrete products onto an epithelial surface
endocrine - ductless, cells secrete products into interstitial fluid and bloodstream |
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Term
| tell me about the types of exocrine glands!!! |
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Definition
merocrine gland- it gives out watery stuff (tears sweat, saliva) (not armput sweat)
holocrine gland - holocaust cell, cell explodes and goes w/ secretion
apocrine- tip of cell is taken off and secreted, i.e. anal genital or arm pit. mamarry glands
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Term
Loose connective tissue proper!
AARRRRR. Pirates are LOOSE! |
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Definition
Areolar connective tissue- airy mesh like tissue, it loosely binds epithelia to deeper tissues and surrounds and protects tissues, it is found in the subcutaneous layer under skin; surrounds organs
adipose tissues, is close packed fat cells, for storing energy, protecting, cushioning and insulating, is located in subcutaneous layer, covers and surrounds some organs
reticular tissue- ground gell like liquoid. Provides supportive framework for lymphatic organs and bone marrow. Located at lymphatic organs and bone marrow. |
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Term
Tell me about them connective tissue types!!
RIE. i love rie...grass |
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Definition
dense regular connective tissue- it resists stress applied in one direction, location~tendones and ligaments
dense irregular connective tissue - it resists stress applied in all direction, location~ dermis, periosteum covering bone, organ capsules
elastic connective tissue - allows stretching of osme organs. location~walls of large elastic arteries and bronchial tubes |
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Term
the papillary layer is made of???
and the reticular layer???? |
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Definition
areolar CT
dense irregular CT |
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Term
| tell me about the diff cartilage types, stronges to weakest |
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Definition
fibrocartilage - intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, pubic symphysis
hyaline cartilage - respiratory system, costal cartilage, nose, articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, fetal skeleton
elestic cartilage - epiglottis and auricle of the ear |
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