Artist: Cimabue

Title: Madonna Enthroned

Date: 1280-1290

Medium: Tempera on panel

Location: Florence

• iconic -> intended as a image of whom ppl worship
• transitional -> has a heierarchy: Angels on the side, Hebrew prophets below
• Vigin is the biggest
• symmetrical
• rigid (no movement)
• Gold background -> heavan -> value associated with Mary
• she has a blue mantal (precious color)
• The steps are going up and back into space (innovative)
• the virgin has sweet expression and Jesus is childlike (new idea)
• Meant for an alter in the Church of Santa Trinita, Florence

Artist: Giotto Di Bondone

Title: Madonna Enthroned

Date: 1310

Medium: Tempera on wood

Location:Florence

• Alterpiece for the Church of All Saints, Florence
• More naturalistic than Cimabue's
• Surrounded by angels
• Space is similar
• Tells the viewer where they stand
• Can see more body of the figures
• Sacred scene -> more realistic
• halos->light-> +God
• to show how individuals interact with religion
• gold background
• more gradation from light to dark

Artist: Giotto

Tittle: Interior of the Arena Chapel

Date: 1305-06

Medium: Frescoes

Location: Padua, Italy

• Middle class geting wealthy around this time so ppl commissioning paintings for churches
• Complete story from panel to panel

Artist: Giotto

Tittle: The Lamentation

Date: 1305-06

Medium: Fresco

Location: Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy

• emotion, drama
• there is a world, the landscape rescedes into space
• Mother Mary -> intenet expression looking at son
• landscape -> contributes to feelings, tree of knowledge (dead afer Adam and Eve left Garden)
• figures in foreground have back to us-> viewer is there looking over the shoulder)
• All the figures mourning -> emotion
• Angels in sky-> movement -> participate in emotion
• Sense of volume in the bodies
• the rock's slant unifies the picture, drawing eye to Jesus

Artist: Claus Sluter

Title: The Well of Moses

Date: 1395-1406

Medium: Stone

Location: Chartreuse de Champmol, France

Artist: Robert Campin

Title: Merode Alterpiece

Date: 1425-28

Medium: oil on oak

Location: Tournai, Belgium

• small, personal family's alterpiece
• Christ carrying cross as light comes through window-> symbolizes Jesus entering the womb of Mary
• situated in common household
• extreme detail b/c of oil
• religious figures more relatable: Joseph carpenting, Mary reading (a learned woman)
• lots of depth, shadows, perspective
• Gothic qualities (rigid); new sense of body, volume, space, shadows & light
• naturalistic
• Roses -> thornes -> passion of Christ
• White flowers -> purity
• smoke of candle -> light of God more powerful and pure

Artist: Jan Van Eyck

Title: Ghent Alterpiece

Date: 1432

Medium: oil on panel

Location: Church of St. Bravo, Ghent, Belgium

• He was one of the first to use oil
• very rich community, RICH family who commissioned it-> donated it to the Cathedral, really big
• Many pieces, don't exactly know how it was originally put together
• Closed:
  -annunciation of mary, dove, lillies
  -prophets and angels above, saints below
  -grisaille -> grey, painting looks like sculptures
  -gothis architecture
  -the figures relate to eachother
• Open:
  -on special days
  -trying to make world coherent, new interest with earth and ppl
  - beggining of humanism -> defines Renaissance
  -The Lord Jesus in middle has papal tiara (is the trinity in one)
  -on bottom: various congregation coming together at holy land
  -relationship of natural and spiritual
  -very minute details with shadows, gradient
  -Christ-> lamb of God-> lamb bleeding into chalace, angels w/ insense
  -Natural realistic background
  -nudes of Adam and Eve -> first life size nudes since antiquity
  -perspective, Adams foot, viewer is positioned

Artist: Jan van Eyck

Title: Giovanni Arnolfi and his Bride (Arnolfi Prtrait)

Date: 1434

Medium: oil on panel

Location: Flanders, Belgium

• wedding or proposal
• he was a banker
• small painting
• all religious images
• woman looks pregnant b/c of way holding dress, St. Margret (childbirth), bed (consumation), dog (fidelity)
• can see reflection in mirror of another person, could be Eyck himself
• signed it above the mirror

Artist: Rogier Van der Weyden

Title: The Descent form the Cross (Deposition)

Date: 1435-38

Medium: oil on panel

Location: Netherlands

Artist: Masaccio

Title: The Holy Trinity

Date: 1428

Medium: Fresco

Location: Florence

• Symmetrical (very)
• Christ on the Cross being held up by God, Mary and Joseph on either side
• Below a Skeleton "what you are, I once was; What I am, you will become"
• sense of death and salvation
• Mortal remains down below, an image of an after life
• meant to convince ppl of this religious belief
• a real enough space, looking at architecture
• sense of body through light and shade
• Barrel vault in the background recedes ino space
• linear perspective
• looking up at Christ and down at skeleton (perspective)

Artist: Masaccio

Title: Brancacci Chapel

Date: 1420's

Medium: Frescoes

Location: Flroence

• Bracacci family commisioned it
• uses window light source to create illusions

Artist: Masaccio

Title: Tribute Money

Date: 1425

Medium: Fresco

Location: Brancacci Chapel, Florence

• tax collectors coming after Christ
• Christ sends peter to get $ out of fish's mouth
• personal b/c of war w/ Milan -> war tax
• incorporates aspects of real enviroment (natural light)
• introduces atmospheric perspective
• more interaction b/w figures in comparison w/ giotto

Artist: Masaccio

Title: The Expulsion from Paradise

Date: 1425

Medium: Fresco

Location: Brancacci Chapel, Florence

• movement, dramatic
• exacting deatail, more interested in movment
• extremee emotion
• shame of nudity
• angel is evicting them from Eden
• Eve's position mimis Venus's pose

Artist: Donatello

Title: David

Date: 1420s-60s

Medium: Bronze

Location: Florence, Medici Palace

• Takes place after slaying Goliath, standing on his head
• Young boy
• first life size statue since atiquity
• Contraposto stance
• holding stone and weilds Goliath's sword
• impassive gaze
• symbol of republic victory

Aritst: Sandro Botticelli

Title: Birth of Venus

Date: 1428

Medium: Tempera on panel

Location: Florence

• drawn lines, linear tech
• Rose out of sea
• godess of beauty and love
• whole paiting is beautiful
• Medicci -> Marsulio Vuccino -> new scholl of though "neoplatonic thougt" -> intertwines paganism and Christianity
• Venus associated with Virgin Mary -> ideal beauty
• corresponds to ancient sculpture
• now on canvas. somehwere b/w fresco and oil
• seems pretty chase (not sexy) -> Stand in for the Virgin
• inspires young men to think about neo platonic thoguht
• lightness and charm

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Artist: Andrea Mantegna

Title: Room of the Newlyweds (camera picta)

Date: 1474

Medium: Fresco

Location: Mantua

• a reception room
• scenes of court life on walls
• Dutchess and a lot of children
• Princess hunting
• landscape inspired by what can see through windows
• picture is like a window ->wall doesn't exist
• mix of reality adn painting
• architecture on wall conects to painted architecture on ceiling
• tromp l'oiell
• presense of Juno godess of marriage
• little cherubs

Artist: Andrea Mantegna

Title: Dead Christ

Date: 1501

Medium: tempera

Location:

• experience pain, mourn
• detailed
• uses: -perspective
          -foreshortening
• can see holes from nails in foreground to emphasize death
• transparent halo
• Mary weeping with john
• anatomicaly correct (disection began)

Artist: Leo da Vinci

Title: Portrait of Ginevra de'Benci

Date: 1474-1478

Medium: oil on panel

Location: Florence

• young women infront of juniper -> chasity
• cut down in size at some point
• she was married around time->reason for comission
• atmospheric landscape
• 3/4 view
• believble landscape
• uses chiaroscuro tech to form figures

Artist: Leo Vinci

Title: Embryo in the Womb

Date: 1510

Medium: pen drawing

Location: Milan

• he was interested in sciece, visual and natural world
• used a cow for studies

Artist: Leo

Title: Vitruvian Man

Date: 1487

Medium: pen and ink

Location: Milan

• equate human figure with geometric forms -> pagan and Christian
• rational forms of math into creative proscess
• idea you can teach art

Artist: Leo

Title: Virgin of the Rocks

Date: 1485

Medium: oil on panel ->canvass

Location: Milan

• Mary, Chrit, Jthe B, and Angel
• credibility of chirch and religion, put into believable landscape
• sense of mystery
• linear perspective, atmospheric
• chiaroscuro & sfumato, foreshortening
• Renaissance triangle: trinity, stable, hamony
• ideal forms
• natural
• prepatory studies ->drawings

Artist: Leo

Title: The last Supper

Date: 1495-98

Medium: tempera &oil wall mural

Location: Milan, Santa Maria del Grazie

• win & bread
• dining room of a monestary
• communion b4 crucifiction
• 12 dis n d Christ in middle
• mixed temper and oil-> never adhered correctly
• monestarry was bombed but fresco survived
• continued lines of reall architech into painting
• linear perspective -> falling right on Jesus' s head
• atmospheric
• Golden rule : mathmatical principles to construct harmony,
• individual features for each
• idealistic
• Jesus = triangle
• physiological drama and personal ractions (announcement of betrayal)
• Jesus is calm
• figures gestures toward Jesus
• triangle space separates Judas from Jesus

Artist: Leo

Title: Mona Lisa

Date: 1503-05

Medium: oil on panel

Location: Florence

• Wife of Fransisco Giocondo
• high renaissance portrait actually look like person
• sfumato tech
• very symetrical face ->mathmatical construction
• idealized
• broke profile tradition
• simple clothes
• landscapes
• halfth length->include hands
• triangle
• movement of light over face->attention to features
• layers->glow from within

Artist: Raphael

Title: Madonna and Child with John the Baptist (la belle Jardiniere)

Date: 1507

Medium: oil on panel

Location: Florence

• sfumato
• naturalistic landscape
• triangle
• endow holy family with realism, naturalism, and sweetness
• chiara
• idealistic
• gracful postures interact with eachother
• gazes form triange

Artist: Raphael

Title: The School of Athens

Date: 1508-1511

Medium: Fresco

Location: room of the signatures, vatical palace, Rome

• represents school of athens -> Plato and Aristotle surrounded by great minds
• in room where pope signs
• Pagan & CHristian
• stability of church
• moves from real to illusiory space
• symetrical and balanced
• some fig. reps. of ppl: Mikey, Leo, and Rphael self
• status of Artist s est. -> respect

Aritst: Raphael

Title: Galatea

Date: 1513

Medium: Fresco

Location: Rome

• figures of mythology
• froliking
• movement
• in a villa
• good time
• paganism
• female surrounded by males
• swirls around her
• anatomicaly rigt

Artist: Raphael

Title: Leo X and his Nephews

Date: 1517

Medium: oil on panel

Location: Rome

• X composition
• reflection in ball like Van Eyck

Artist: Michelangelo

Title: Slaves

Date: 1525

Medium: Marble

Location: Rome

• quality of unfinished worked to be appreciated
• he was internally tortored ->homo
• connect earthly and spiritual
• freeing spirit through stone
• associated work with classical art geometry
• free forms repressed in marble->body temple for spirit
• process is part of art
• combined polsh with rough

Artist: Mikey

Title: David

Date: 1501-04

Medium: Marble

Location: Plazzo della Signoria, Florence

• neoplatonic though
• chose marble with flaw in it
• contrapasto pose
• older than Don
• geometric preconceived form
• ideal but realistic
• seen from below-> large head
• Before slaying->contemplative, thinking
• rational component, faith
• gaze toward Goliath

Artist: Mikey

Title: Sistine Chapel

Medium: Frescoes

Location: Vatican, Rome

• Pope Julius II commissioned it
• fall adn redemption on ceiling
• curved ceiling->conect real and visual

Artit: Mikey

Title: Creation of Adam

Date: 1508-12

Medium: fresco

Location: Sisting Chape. Rome

• God about to give spark of life
• space is important
• Eve under God's protectio
• not care about background and detal
• Adam based on river god

Artist: Mikey

Title: Adam and Eve Temptation adn FAll/The fall of Man/Expulsion from the Garden of Eden

Date: 1508-12

Medium: Fresco

Locatio: Sistine Chapel. Rome

• snake human form->apple
• other side of tree driven out
• emotion in scen like Masaccio
• turning away from light of God, ashamed

Artist: Mikey

Title: Last Judgment

Date: 1534-41

Med: Fresco

Location:Sistine, Rome

• Rome is sacked
• no mercy
• figures deliberatlye distorted
• swirling mass of humanity
• medieval quality
• "IM in sin w/in myself"
• many horror
• St. Barthalemew home skin of Mikey
• he was ill

Artist: Mikey

Title: Tomnb of Guiliano de Medici

Date: 1519-34

Medium: marble

Location:florence

• Medici Chapel
• figures-> inelectual-> doesnt' look like Medici
• below -> night and day
• triumoh of good over evil
• polished and rough not finished

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Mikey

St. Peter's Basilica

1546-64

Plan

Rome

• completed by Giacomo Parta
• buttressing through columns
• scultp power of arch
• Visual lines link up toether

Artist: Titian

Title: Bacchanal

Date: 1518

Medium: oil on canvas

Location: Prado, Madrid

• pagen myth
• "orgy" good time
• nudes
• color->war, seductive
• rabit glue as base

Artist: Titia

Title: Madonna of the Pasro Family

Date:1519-28

Medium: oil on canvas

Location: Venice

• space
• trangele
• asymetrical
• steps at angle
• playing w/ REn devices
• Virgin and Child
• smal angel carying criss
• bottom Pesaro fam-> celebrate victry over turks
• ralism
• linear

Artist: Titian

Title: Venus of Urbino

Date: 1538

Med: oil on canvas

Location: Florence

• seductuve
• goddess of love
• bed, flowers, dog, cascading hair
• 2 women getting things ready-> present for girls marriage to Duke of Urbino
• secular
• Bonoccelli-> linear
  this->impasto, painterly
• glingt of light
• no harsh edges

Artist: Parmigianino

Title: The Madonna with the long Neck

Date:1535

Med: oil on panel

Location: Florence

• Manersm
• elongated
• distorted
• ciclr around mid of Mary
• fig. asymetrical

Artist: Agnolo Bronzino

Title: Venus Cupid Follly of Time

Date: 1546

Med: oil on panel

Location: florintine

• son cupid holding her
• folly throwing rose petals
• father time, envy, deception
• diplomatic gift
• Tim will disclose folly and deception
• distortion

Artist: Mikey

Title: La Pieta

Date: 1498

Med: Marble

Location: St. Peters< Rome

• Christ-> real human
• idealized
• Mary is young and beautiful
• peacful->classical
• b4 David
• REn triangle
• Mary is huhe
• Deep cut drapery
• looks small for place
• wait of body-> lackof life
• ribs and as
• Mary's head forward Jesus' head back (vulnerable)
• Mary holding out hand

Artist: Giovnni Bologna

Title: Rape of the Sabine Woman

DAte: 1583

Med: MArble

Location: piaza della Signoria, Florece

• Lte classical
• New movement, spiral pose
• complex
• brg. of counter reformation
• intense emotion, spiritualit

Artist: El Greco

Title: The Burial of Count Orgaz

Date: 1586

Med: oil

Location: Spain

• loweing in grave by saints-> good christian
• remind of waht you will gain if good
• chiara
• contorted poses
• intricate full of activity
• angel carying soul into heavan
• real & spiri
• pics of martyerdom

Artist: Hieronymus Bosch

Title: the Garden of earthly delights

Date: 1505-10

Med: oil on wood

Location:

• left->Eden. Right->hell. Center->garden of earthly delgiths
• not clear mwanign
• alchemy symbols
• fraglie little ndes
• apples, owls (withc), fountialn of life, raven (spells
• hell after delights
• no suggstion of salvation
• contemp. w. sistine ceiling
• late gothic phase
• distorted and exagerated
• freddom of thinkng

Artist: MAthias Brunwal

Title: Isenheim Alterpiece

Date: 1510-1515

Med: oil on panle

Location: Germany

• for the hospital of St. Anothonly, Isenehiem
• St. Anothony's Fire
• Crucifiction
• faithful
• open-> annunciation

Artist: Durer

Titel: self portratis 33

DAte: 1500

Med: oil on panal

Location:Germany

• hatching
• classical figs

ARtist: Giovanni Battista

Titl: Triumph of the Name of Jesus

DAte: 1672-79

MEd: Fresco

Location: Il Gesu, Rome

• tromp l'oiell
• boroque->theatrical drama
• prpoganda->bring ppl to church
• believe in miricals

Artsit: Cravaggio

Ttitle: The Calling of St. Mathew

Date: 1600

Med: oil on canvas

Location: rome, contarelli chapel

• tenebrism
• counter ref
• christ pointing at matt
• low life cavern
• dressed nice in pov (tax collectors hated)
• al human
• used ppl off streets
• light touched matt
• every day-> religous

Artist: cravaggio

Title: entombment

Date: 1603

Med: oil

Location: vatican

• Niccodimus->low class
• refer to Pieta->arm of Jesus
• asymetric trangle
• realism
• tenerism
• christ toward us
• used oto be on alter so tomb project down
• reaches out to ppl

Artist: Artimisia Gentileschi

Teile: Judith and maidservant with head of Holofernes

Date: 1620

Med: oil on canvas

Location: RO,e

• leader of war seduced enemy and beheaded him
• twisting pose
• fear
• boroque

Artist: Gianlorenzo Bernini

Title: David

Date: 1623

Med: Marble

Location: Rome

• in action throwing rock
• dfending faith
• spiral motion
• triangle
• naturalim, ideal quality
• face

Artist: Gianlorenzo Bernini

Titl: ecstacy of St. Teresa

Date: 1645-52

Med: Marble

Location: Cornaro Chapel, Rome

• boroque
• arrow dipped in fire of God's Lovve
• Gilded Gold
• oculus above sculpture-> light
• an extrememly high relief
• element of erroticism
• physical &sprir

Artis: Bernini

Title: Baldacchino

Date:

St. Peters Rome

Artist: Diego Velasuez

Title: Maids of Honor

Date: 1656

Med: oil on canvas

Location: Madrid

• identifiable figs
• dwarfs servants for children
• child on dig
• nun
• self protratit
• theatrical
• mirror->king and Queen (viewer is placed) -> Van Eyck
• Chiara
• painterly brush

Artist: Titian

Titl: Rape of Europa

Date: 1559-62

Med: oil on canvas

Location: Venice

• late italian ren
• not precise
• baroque
• lots o activity
• Jove rapes europa
• Juno is jealous
• europa on shore spots white butll and has to touch
• Jupiter bull->evade wife
• europa climbs on back
• Jove takes her intowater and rapes her
• impasto tech
• paintery brus
• coloration and dramatic sky
• tumbling composition