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| 5 stages of formation of the Canon |
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Definition
1. composition
2. Use
3. Collection
4. Selection
5. Ratification |
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lack 2nd or early 4th century.
Includes: matthew, mark, luke, john, acts, paul's letters, I and II John, Jude, Revalation
Doesn't include: Hebrews, James, I and II Peter, III John
Adds: Wisdom of Solomon and Apocalypse of Peter |
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| merged 4 gospels into one. By Tatian |
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| principles of canonization |
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1. Apostolic Origin - writings go back to Apostles
2. Community Recognition- shared with all churches
3. Rule of Faith- certain standard in writings
4. Sense of the church- guided by Holy Spirit |
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Uses of Archeology and the NT |
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Definition
1. Apologetic- gives reason
2. Devotional/ Personal- people feel closer when in a place mentioned
3. Illustrative- gives data to help believe
4. Exegetical- to get the meaning out of
5. Lexical - refers to words and their meanings |
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| latin for "the books" ; 27 books in NT |
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| oldest complete copy of NT; found in a monestary near Mt. Sinai (dates ~340 AD) |
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| originally contained entire NT but is now missing parts (Dates ~325 AD) |
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| large reeds pounded into paper that the bible was written on |
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| dried lamb skin that the bible was written on |
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| rolled manuscript form of the bible that was hand copied |
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| book manuscript form that the Bible was hand copied in |
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| Chapter and Verse Divisions |
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Before Common Era and Common Era
-more politically correct
-Jesus died in 3-6 CE so AD isn't accurate |
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| house of study/ little sacrifice |
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| place in the desert where the Essences moved |
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| Greek-izing the eastern world; |
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Emperor who conquered a lot of territory in 332 BCE |
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| jewish holiday to remember success of Macabean Revolt... oil burnt |
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| besieged Jerusalem and annexed it for Rome in 62 BCE |
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| had a knowledge of Jewish traditions that allowed him to govern jews without rebellion; effective for Rome but hated by jews because he wasnt' a pure jew; built many new projects |
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Only Roman governor of Judea mentioned in the Gospels.
ineffective, provoked teh jews;
Tried Jesus and ordered his execution |
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| Key roman figure in 1st revolt against Rome in 66-70 CE |
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| Temple destroyed in 70 AD |
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| Hebrew and Aramaic OT books were translated into Greek |
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Passover (Feast of Unleavened Bread)
Pentecost (Weeks)
Feast of Tabernacles (Tents, Booths)
Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
Hanukkah (Festival of Lights) |
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wealthy; accomadated themselves to Roman Empire; didn't believe in resurrection or angels only accepted written Law (TORAH) |
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| sometimes violent; organized themselves to try and overthrow the Roman Empire |
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| many wanted people to worship them as gods |
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| secret religious dramas and ceremonies so you would be immort liek the gods |
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| Greco-Roman Philosphy that the world is a shadow of the real world of perfect truth and beauty and people must escape material world to go to "true home" |
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| Greco-Roman Philosphy that frugality and a return to nature (like Paul) |
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| Greco-Roman Philosphy that feelings and sense perception are most important; cared for each other |
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| Greco-Roman Philosphy that virtue is the only good so they had really good moral ideas |
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non- Jew; often thought less of |
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| king when the Maccabee Revolt began |
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| place of mass suicide of Jewish fugatives in first Roman-Jewish War |
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| early Christian Bishop in Asia Minor 140CE; said Mark was not eyewitness but got his info from Peter |
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40 year gap of oral transmission |
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| from 29 AD- 70 AD; no scripture written but spread orally and spaped "Jesus Tradition"; tensions wiht judaism and emperors begin. |
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1. To clarify Christianity's relationship to Judaism
2. To clarify Christianity's relationship to various aspects of Greco-Roman culture
3. to explain an embarrassing problem; Jesus' cruxifiction(died as a criminal...lowly death)
4. To provide resources for worship
5. To aid with missionary efforts to convert
6. to standardize the story of Jesus' life and significance as fewer eyewitnesses were alive |
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focuses on key events, but not everything, especially focused on person's character mainly in adult lifeand how their death revealed their character. |
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1.. Repeated words or phrases
2. Series of 3s
3. Framing Devices ( story within a story ie: Fig Tree)
4. Irony
5. Larger Structural patterns (ie: Blind men healed while in between healings Passion Prediction followed by Disciple misunderstanding x3) |
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| Marks use of "immediately" |
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Definition
used over and over; keeps reading faster until it slows at chapter 11 because weight placed on his death. |
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| all are anonymous but in 2nd century "The Gospel According to... " was added |
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| Secrecy/ Irony used in Mark |
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Definition
Secrecy-Jesus tells people not to tell when he performs a miracle because he doesn't want people to misunderstand. Veil of secrecy lifted in Passion Narrative;
Irony- Jesus names Simon, Peter (which means "rock") but he doesn't live up to it; Jesus is accused of Blasphemy but his opponents are really blasphemists. |
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Passion Predicitons in Mark |
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| 3 times Jesus predicts his death early on but disciples don't understand |
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| Galilean Ministry in Mark |
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| first 11 chapters; Jesus performs healings |
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| Jerusalem Ministry in Mark |
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Definition
| Pace slows; last 5 chapters; no miracles performed, only concentrates on Passion Narrative to show suffering |
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Definition
-teacher who triumphs through submission
-suffers
-perserveres
-independent, non-conformist
- patient (especially with disciples)
-Action
-Authority
-Humanity(powerful, yet vulnerable) |
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| Distinctive Features of Mark |
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Definition
-written in lowest form of Greek
-short ending
-no account of Jesus' birth or childhood
-shortest of the Gospels
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| original ends with Greek word "for"; open ended |
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Written to Theopolis("lover of God");
could be Luke the physician OR Luke the fellow missionary with Paul |
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| Luke/Acts Canonical Order |
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Definition
Luke John, then Acts... Acts= sequel to Luke
Luke is included in the Gospels
Acts is an intro to expansion of church
Acts ends in Rome, sets stage for Paul's letters |
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| Says Luke is an eyewitness and others have already written about this; addresses Theopolis |
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| Distinctive Features of Luke |
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Definition
-Universal interest (not just Jews)
-Interests in social outcasts, porr, women, etc
-Emphasis on prayer and Holy Spirit
-Mood of joyfulness and celebration
-defends Christianity against suspicions that its a threat to Roman peace and stability
-Interest in historical connections
-Emphasis on Israel's special place in God's scheme |
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| Hypothetical source used to write Luke in addition to Mark and Q |
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| -Shows God is faithful -Provides defense of Christianity |
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-for everyone, Jew and Gentile
-Outpouring of Holy Spirit at Pentecost
-Peter's sermon leads to 3000 responding |
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| Cornelius (Peter has vision and discusses it with Cornelius in Acts 10) |
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| John says he is the Beloved Disciple throughout; had special intimacy with Jesus and was always near |
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John the Apostle (most accepted)
-John the Elder(author of 1,2,3 John)
-collective effort (Johannine School or community) |
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| "The Word"; Doesn't start with geneology; Word has primary role in Creation of the Universe, brings illumination to a rejecting, dark world,, those who accept the Word become Children of God |
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| Johannine Portrayal of Jesus |
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| -Jesus represents the Kingdom; -God can be known in physical world -Divinity "I AM" |
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| record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs, and history |
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