Term
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Definition
| the exchange of meaning through symbolic process |
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Term
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Definition
| planned, formal, and less fluid and interactive than conversation |
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Term
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Definition
| a source of information and ideas for the audience |
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Term
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Definition
| The source encodes a code to the audience through a message. The audience decodes the source's message through two channels (visual and auditory). The receiver decodes through his own ideas, beliefs, and experiences. Noise is interference. External noise is physical, while internal noise is physiological or psychological. |
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Term
| Communication as Interaction |
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Definition
| The audience provides feedback. Skillful public speakers are audience-centered. |
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Term
| The context of a public-speaking experience is... |
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Definition
| the environment or situation in which the speech occurs. (includes time, place, and the speaker's and audience's cultural traditions and expectations) |
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Term
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Definition
Consider yourself, audience, and situation.
Always brainstorm (list and select.) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The general purpose is to... |
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Definition
| inform, persuade, or mark the occasion. |
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Term
| The specific purpose is... |
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Definition
| a single complete sentence that identifies the general purpose and the topic. |
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Term
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Definition
Start with the Body. 2-5 Main Ideas. Each listed as a complete sentence. Can be chronological, topical, or spatial.
Always I.D. with Roman Numerals |
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Term
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Definition
| Start with attention getter, then move on to orientation. (establishes background, relevance, or credibility).Then closes with a thesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single complete sentences that identifies the topic and the main ideas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Question, verbal picture, unusual or dramatic device, humor, quote |
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Term
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Definition
Summarize (restate thesis) - tell them what you told them.
Closing - typically reference your attention-getting material |
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Term
| Communication Apprehension (defined) |
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Definition
| Anxiety associated with communicative activity |
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Term
| Communication Apprehension is... |
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Definition
Either state (situational) or trait (generalized).
The most common psychological ailment among adults worldwide.
Caused by physiological response to psychological threat.
Increases heart rate and respiration. |
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Term
| Coping with Communication Apprehension |
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Definition
1.Systematic desensitization
2.Cognitive restructuring
3.Skills building (practice) |
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Term
| Informative Speaking (defined) |
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Definition
| Any oratory intended to impart knowledge or ideas to an audience. |
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Term
| Types of Informative Speaking |
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Definition
Traditional view - Textbook (objects, [people, places, things] events, processes, & concepts)
Nontraditional (define, describe, demonstrate) |
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Term
| Presentation Aids (defined) |
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Definition
Anything used to enhance audience understanding.
(not props or costumes, actively integrated, anything) |
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Term
| Types of Presentation Aids |
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Definition
| People, objects, images, media, handouts. |
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Term
| Uses & Misuses of Presentation Aids |
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Definition
1. Use/talk relationship…not a substitution
2. Murphy’s Law
3. Practice (prep)
4. KISS
5. Do not pass out |
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Term
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Definition
1. Reflexive vocalization (making sounds)
2. Babbling (forming sounds)
3. Echo (repeating sounds back)
4. Linguistic (talk but not quite understand)
5. Rhetorical (understand the meaning behind the words) |
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Term
| Uses & Misuses of Presentation Aids |
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Definition
1. Use/talk relationship…not a substitution
2. Murphy’s Law
3. Practice (prep)
4. KISS
5. Do not pass out |
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Term
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Definition
1. Reflexive vocalization (making sounds)
2. Babbling (forming sounds)
3. Echo (repeating sounds back)
4. Linguistic (talk but not quite understand)
5. Rhetorical (understand the meaning behind the words) |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of word symbols to convey meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| more personal, less formal, & more repetitious than written language. |
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Term
| Steps to use words effectively |
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Definition
| use specific, concrete words, use simple words, and use words correctly. |
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Term
| Denotation vs. Connotation |
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Definition
Denotation is the literal meaning of a word.
Connotation is the meaning we associate with the word. |
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Term
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Definition
| Manuscript speaking, memorized speaking, impromptu speaking, and extemporaneous speaking. |
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Term
| Nonverbal Communication (Defined) |
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Definition
| any communicative act other than the verbal |
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Term
| Nonverbal Communication - Types |
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Definition
| Paralanguage, kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, artifacts, and aesthetics |
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Term
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Definition
Posture - stance
Gestures - emblems, illustrators, regulators, adaptors |
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Term
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Definition
| the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which people determine what is right or wrong |
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Term
| Free Speech responsibility |
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Definition
| In a country in which free speech is protected by law, the right to speak freely must be balanced by the responsibility to speak ethically. |
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Term
| History of Ethics and Free Speech |
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Definition
1791 First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guar-anteed that “Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech.” Since then, many have sought to define, through both law and public policy, the phrase “freedom of speech.”
1919 U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was lawful to restrict speech that presented “a clear and present danger” to the nation. This led to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union, the first organization formed to protect free speech.
1940 Congress declared it illegal to urge the violent overthrow of the federal government. However, for most of the last half of the twentieth cen-tury, the U.S. Supreme Court continued to pro-tect rather than limit free speech, upholding it as “the core aspect of democracy.” 2
1964 Supreme Court narrowed the definition of slander and ruled that before a public official can recover damages for slander, he or she must prove that the slanderous statement was made with “actual malice.” 3
1989 Supreme Court defended the burning of the U.S. flag as a “speech act” protected by the First Amendment.
1997 Supreme Court struck down the federal Communications Decency Act of 1996 and ruled that “the interest in encouraging freedom of expression in a democratic society out-weighs any theoretical but unproven benefit of censorship.” |
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