Term
| What happened in the development of pet food production in the 1960's and 70's? |
|
Definition
-greater effort to create balanced diets
-appealing, convenient packaging
-more of an emphasis of a pet being a family member who deserved quality care & foods
-mimicking human foods e.g. hamburger 'patties' |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the different pet foods available now that would have been unheard of, and (possibly) unnecessary, in the 1900's? |
|
Definition
-life cycle products for puppies, aging dogs etc.
-therapeutic diets with glucosamine, restricted calories, urinary tract problems etc
-pet food snacks are very common now! |
|
|
Term
| What proportion of canadians own at least one dog? One cat? |
|
Definition
1/4 own at least one dog
1/3 own at least one cat |
|
|
Term
| Where are the majority of Canadian pet food manufacturing companies located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the majority of dog & fat food sold in Canada? |
|
Definition
| -pet shops, super stores & grocery stores |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the largest pet food vendors worldwide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who regulates pet food manufactured in Canada? |
|
Definition
-nobody
-individual pet food companies are responsible for ensuring the safety/quality of their own products
-most Canadian manufacturers adhere to US regulations of feed ingredients to facilitate cross-border sales |
|
|
Term
| What involvement does the CFIA have with pet food in Canada? |
|
Definition
none
It regulates feed ingredient evaluation processes for livestock, but there are no requirements for pets |
|
|
Term
| What role does the USDA play in pet food manufacturing in the USA? |
|
Definition
| controls meat quality, determines appropriate animal products to be used in pet foods |
|
|
Term
| What role does the FDA play in pet food manufacturing in the USA? |
|
Definition
regulates ingredients & finished products
-sets max & min limits for certain ingredients, bans medications & antibiotics in foods
-can test pet food ingredients & finished products at any time, and can issue a stop sale if labelling issues or claims are not met |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 requirements of the FDA for both human & pet food? |
|
Definition
Products must be:
pure & wholesome
free from harmful/deleterious substances
truthfully labeled
processed for human consumption
canned product must meet same low acid canning reg's as human canned food |
|
|
Term
| What are the goals of AAFCO? |
|
Definition
Ensure consumer protection
Safeguard the health of animals & humans
Provide a level playing field of commerce for the feed industry |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the regulations for labeling set out by AAFCO? |
|
Definition
-ingredients listed in order of predominance by weight as formulated
-ingredients listed according to their AAFCO-defined name
-cannot group ingredients, even if present in very small percentages
-cannot use a collective term to replace a group of ingredients |
|
|
Term
| What laws regulate the labeling & advertising of pet food in Canada? |
|
Definition
Consumer Packaging & Labeling Act
Competition Act |
|
|
Term
| What information must be included on a pet food label, according to the Consumer Packaging & Labeling Act? |
|
Definition
-generic name e.g. "Dog Food"
-net weight of product in the package
-manufacturer/importer contact info
-list of ingredients by percentage of weight
-feeding instructions
-guaranteed analysis |
|
|
Term
| What requirements must be met in the US for a product to be labeled as 'complete and balanced'? |
|
Definition
| Must meet nutritional requirements set by AAFCO, based on info provided by the National Research Council |
|
|
Term
What do we know about a product if it is labelled with the following sentence:
"XXX is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Food Nutrient Profiles" |
|
Definition
| the food is complete and balanced, meeting nutritional standards established by AAFCO based on lab analysis only |
|
|
Term
What do we know about a product if it is labelled with the following sentence:
Animal feeding tests using the AAFCO procedures susbtantiate that XXX provides complete and balanced nutrition |
|
Definition
| the food is complete and balanced, meeting the nutritional standards established by AAFCO based on lab analysis plus actual feeding trials |
|
|
Term
| Are guaranteed analyses in labeling declared on an as-formulated or as-fed basis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the guaranteed analyses required by many states? |
|
Definition
-minimum crude protein & crude fat
-maximum crude fiber & moisture
Optional but also common:
-maximum ash in cat food
-minimum taurine & magnesium in cat food
-minimum Ca, K, Na & linoleic acid in dog food |
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum percentage moisture content for pet foods? |
|
Definition
78%
(unless labelled with 'in sauce', 'in gravy' etc) |
|
|
Term
| If a manufacturer wants to indicate calorie content on a label, how should it be expressed? |
|
Definition
kcal per kg
Can also include 'household' units such as cup, per can etc. as long as the kcal/kg are met |
|
|
Term
| Why might a pet food manufacturer want to include a statement about caloric content on their feed? |
|
Definition
| calorie content can vary greatly even among the same types of foods for the same life stage, so informing consumers WHY they should feed X amount of cups per X kg of body weight is helpful |
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum feeding direction that should be included on a label? |
|
Definition
| feed ____ cups per ____ kg body weight |
|
|
Term
| Do manufacturers tend to label feeding instructions based on a high or low metabolic demand? |
|
Definition
high, to cover all their bases
owners get more worried if their pet is too skinny, not too fat! |
|
|
Term
| What are some challenges in pet food production? |
|
Definition
1. Producing to high standards and strict regulations
2. Varying cost/availability/input of ingredients
3. Highly competitive (manufacturers, distributors)
4. Emotional/belief component of consumers
5. Traceability/risk management, esp. with so many ingredients
6. Many different species/ages/breeds but limited academic research on what their needs are |
|
|
Term
| When was the very first commercial dog food marketed? |
|
Definition
|
|
