Term
What supplies the parasympathetic innervation to the bladder and sphincters?
What do they innervate? |
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Definition
pelvic nerves- S2, S3, S4
innervate smooth muscle of the bladder |
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Term
What provides the sympathetic innervation to the bladdder and its sphincters?
What do there nerves innervate? |
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Definition
Hypogastric Nerves- Upper lumbar and lower thoracic- goes to inferior mesenteric ganglion and inferior hypogastric plexus
Innervate blood vessels |
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Term
| What supplies the somatic innervation to the bladder and its sphincters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the sensory nerves to the bladder and its sphincters detect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the urine collecting ducts join together to form? |
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Definition
| Papillary Ducts of Bellini |
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Term
| How does the urine flow into the minor calix? |
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Definition
| Through a cribrosa area of 18-24 small orifices in the apex of each papilla. |
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Term
| What propels the urine to the bladder? |
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Definition
| descending peristaltic waves in the minor clayces, pelvis and ureter |
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Term
| What can change the frequency of the peristalsis? |
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Definition
| extrinsic autonomic impulses, blood-borne hormones, and bladder distension |
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Term
| What is the normal pressure created by ureteral peristaltic waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do ureters enter the bladder? |
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Definition
| through the posterior wall at an oblique angle |
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Term
| What is a trigone in the bladder? |
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Definition
| Triangular raised opening indicating the location of the entry of the ureter |
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Term
| What is the average capacity of a bladder> |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the elasticity of the bladder wall allow for? |
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Definition
| allows it to expand (relax) on being stretched and allow for accomodation of more urine |
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Term
When does the urge to void bladder become evident?
When does pain occur? |
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Definition
250-400 ml urine
500-600ml urine
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Term
| What happens to the firing frequency of stretch receptors as bladder fills? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the reflex arc of the micturition center inhibited? |
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Definition
| continual tonic contractions of the external urinary sphincter until voiding is convenient |
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Term
| What happens if voiding does not occur upon stimulation of teh relex arc and contraction of the bladder? |
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Definition
| reflex subsides and bladder pressure returns to basic tonic pressure level |
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Term
| When does the fluid pressure in the bladder become large enough to force the bladder neck muscles open? |
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Definition
| Whan inhibition of the external spincter is greater than voluntary stimulation. |
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Term
| What happens to the urethra when the bladder contracts? |
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Definition
| neck widens and the urethra shortens |
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Term
| What is a normal amt of urine to remain in the bladder after micturition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when prostate gland enlarges and closes off urethra? |
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Definition
| hypertrophy of muscle>decompensationa dn thinning of wall> bladder unable to create pressure to void |
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Term
| What happens in a hypertonic bladder? |
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Definition
| increased stimulus to void and frequent voiding of small amt of urine |
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