Term
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Definition
| a “network” is two or more computers that exchange data. |
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Term
What is a LAN (Local Area Network) |
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Definition
| A local area network (LAN) is a group of these computers that are confined to a small geographic area, usually one building. |
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Term
What are the REAL reasons that organizations need networks? |
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Definition
- • Sharing: Networks permit the sharing of files, databases, and media.
- • Communication: Networks are critical for email, instant messaging, and faxing capabilities.
- • Organization: Networks centralize data and make it more accessible, which increases the efficiency and speed with which this information can be accessed.
- • Money: A network should ultimately save a company money, often by aiding in the budgeting process and/or increasing productivity.
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Term
| What is network documentation |
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Definition
| Network documentation is any information that helps describe, define, and otherwise explain how computers are connected in a physical and logical way. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the most basic of central connecting devices (sometimes referred to as CCDs); it connects each of the networked computers, known as hosts, to one another by way of copper-based cables. Any host that sends data must first send that data to the hub, where it is amplified and broadcast to the rest of the network. Broadcasting means that the data is sent to every host on the network. |
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Term
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Definition
| A server: A server is used to centralize data and share it (or serve it) with other computers on the network. |
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Term
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Definition
| A PC usually acts as a client on the network, most likely getting its information from the server. A PC can also store information locally. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4-port router; these are also referred to as SOHO (small office–home office) routers. The router acts as a central connecting device, but it also has a special communications link to the Internet, thereby allowing the hosts to send data to and receive data from computers on the Internet. |
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Term
| What is a network adapter? |
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Definition
| also known as a network interface card or NIC, is the device that enables you to send and receive data to and from your computer. |
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Term
| What type of ports are connectors on ethernet are used in a network? |
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Definition
| This is known as an RJ45 port (or an 8P8C), and it is where the RJ45 plug at the end of the network cable connects. This is the most common type of network adapter port, allowing the adapter to connect to most of today’s wired networks. |
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Term
| How do I modify the link speeds on a network adapter |
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Definition
Open in device manager - Next, take a look at the configured link speed for the network adapter. To do this, click on the Link Speed tab within the Properties page. This might have a slightly different name depending on the version or brand of network adapter in your computer. The resulting page should be similar
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Term
| Define Data Transfer on a LAN |
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Definition
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First, the text file is packaged by the operating system into what is known as a packet. The packet will be slightly larger than the original file. The packet is then sent to the network adapter.
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2. Next, the network adapter takes the packet and places it inside a frame, which is slightly larger than a packet. Usually, this will be an Ethernet frame.
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3. Now, the frame of information needs to be sent to the physical media—the cabling. To do this, the network adapter breaks down the frame of information into a serial data stream that is sent one bit at a time across the cables to the other computer.
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4. The receiving computer takes the single-bit stream and recreates the frame of data. After analyzing the frame and verifying that it is indeed the intended recipient, the computer strips the frame information so that only the packet remains.
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5. The packet is sent to the operating system, and ultimately, the text file shows up on the computer’s hard drive, available to the user through Windows Explorer. This is a basic example of data transfer, and we will expand on it in Lesson 2, “Defining Networks with the OSI Model.”
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Term
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Definition
| or Fast Ethernet, and it runs at 100 Mbps |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is Ethernet Switching |
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Definition
| Ethernet switching was developed about 15 years ago, and it is still used in most networks today. Switching has many advantages, one of which is that the switch only sends unicast traffic. Unicast describes the situation in which information is sent to one host only. This reduces network traffic greatly, and it also helps with packet loss and duplication. |
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Term
| What is the accurate term for network speed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An IP address allows each computer to send and receive information back and forth in an orderly and efficient manner. IP addresses are much like your home address. However, whereas your home address identifies your house number and the street you live on, an IP address identifies your computer number and the network it lives on. A typical example of an IP address would be 192.168.1.1. |
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Term
| How are IP Addresses Broken Down? |
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Definition
| Every IP address is broken down into two parts: the network portion (in this case 192.168.1), which is the network that your computer is a member of, and the host portion, which is the individual number of your computer that differentiates your computer from any others on the network. In this case, the host portion is .1. How do we know this? The subnet mask tells us. |
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Term
| How are IPV4 addresses notated |
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Definition
| 32-bit dotted-decimal numbers. If you were to convert an IP address’s decimal numbers to binary, you’d have a total of 32 bits. |
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Term
| What is the loopback address to test your NIC |
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Definition
| 127.0.0.1 or ping localhost |
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Term
| What is a wireless access point or bridge? |
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Definition
| acts as the central connecting device for the network. T |
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Term
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Definition
| A VLAN is implemented to segment a network, reduce collisions, organize the network, boost performance, and increase security. Switches usually control the VLAN. Like subnetting, a VLAN compartmentalizes a network and can isolate traffic. But unlike subnetting, a VLAN can be set up in a physical manner; an example of this would be the port-based VLAN, as shown in Figure 1-17. In this example, each set of computers (such as “Classroom 2”) has its own VLAN (which is dedicated to the 192.168.2.0 network in this case); however, computers in that VLAN can be located anywhere on the physical network. As another example, computers within the VLAN “Staff” could be located in several physical areas in the building, but regardless of where they are located, they are associated with the Staff VLAN because of the physical port to which they connect. |
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Term
| Define a perimeter network |
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Definition
| A perimeter network (also known as a demilitarized zone or DMZ) is a small network that is set up separately from a company’s private LAN and the Internet. It is called a perimeter network because it is usually on the edge of the LAN, but DMZ has become a much more popular term. A DMZ allows users outside of a company LAN to access specific services located on the DMZ. However, when a DMZ is set up properly, those users are blocked from gaining access to the company LAN. |
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Term
| What is a back-to-back DMZ Configuration |
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Definition
This involves a DMZ situated between two firewall devices,
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Term
| What is a three leg perimeter configuration |
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Definition
3-leg perimeter configuration: In this scenario, the DMZ is usually attached to a separate connection of the company firewall. Therefore, the firewall would have three connections: one to the company LAN, one to the DMZ, and one to the Internet
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Term
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Definition
| Ethernet is a group of networking technologies that define how information is sent and received between network adapters, hubs, switches, and other devices. An open standard, Ethernet is the de facto standard and has the largest share of networks in place today, with Token Ring and FDDI filling in the small gaps where Ethernet does not exist. Ethernet is standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as 802.3 |
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Term
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Definition
1. The network adapter builds and readies a frame for transmission across the network.
2. The network adapter checks whether the medium (e.g., twisted-pair cable) is idle. If the medium is not idle, the adapter waits for approximately 10 microseconds (10 μs). This delay is known as the interframe gap.
3. The frame is transmitted across the network.
4. The network adapter checks whether any collisions occurred. If so, it moves on to the “Collision detected” procedure.
5. The network adapter resets any retransmission counters (if necessary) and ends transmission of the frame. |
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Term
| Define Collision Detected Procedure |
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Definition
If a collision was detected in step 4, another procedure called the “Collision detected procedure” is employed as follows:
1. The network adapter continues transmission until the minimum packet time is reached (known as a jam signal). This ensures that all receivers have detected the collision.
2. The network adapter increments the retransmission counter.
3. The network adapter checks whether the maximum number of transmission attempts was reached. If it was, the network adapter aborts the transmission.
4. The network adapter calculates and waits for a random backoff period based on the number of collisions detected.
5. Finally, the network adapter starts back through the original procedure at step 1. |
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Term
| Define Centralized Computing |
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Definition
| This was the case during the days of the mainframe, in which there was one super computer and the rest of the devices that connected to the super computer were known as terminals (or dumb terminals). |
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Term
| Define Distributive Computing |
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Definition
| Today’s computing is known as distributive computing and is used for both client-server and peer-to-peer networks. This means that every device or workstation has its own processing power. |
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