Term
| What is the primary roles of micronutrients? |
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Definition
| To enhance catalytic diversity of enzymes, provide structural elements, sense light in vision, and signaling |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic compounds that occur naturally in food and must be consumed to maintain growth, health, and reproduction |
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Term
| What is the difference between water soluble and non water soluble vitamins in terms of toxicity? What are the 3 groups of water soluble vitamins? |
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Definition
1. Water soluble are non toxic (can be excreted easily in urine)
2. Energy releasing, 1 carbon transfer, and antioxidant vitamins |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Thiamine (B1) and the diseases of deficiency |
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Definition
Physiologic role: Coenzyme in breakdown of carbs and branched amino acids
Deficiency: Polyneuritis, wenicke-korsakoff |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Riboflavin (B2) and the diseases of deficiency |
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Definition
Physiologic: Coenzyme in redox reactions
Deficiency: Cheilosis, angular stomatitis, dermatitis |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Niacin and the diseases of deficiency |
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Definition
Physiologic roles: Proton transfer with dehydrogenases
Deficiency: Pellagra with diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Pyridoxine (B6) and the diseases of deficiency |
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Definition
Pysiological: Coenzyme in amino acid, glycogen, and sphingoid metabolism
Deficiency: Nasolateral seborrhea, glossitis, neuropathy |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Biotin and the diseases of deficiency |
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Definition
Physiologic: Coenzyme in bicarbonate dependent carboxylations
Deficiency: Fatigue, despression, nausea, dermatitis, muscular pains
Note: Critical component in the synthesis of oxaloacetic acid, so it plays a big role in altering TCA activity |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Pantothenic acid and the diseases of deficiency |
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Definition
Physiological: Constituent of CoA
Deficiency: Fatigue, sleep disturbances, impaired coordination, nausea |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Folacin (Folic acid) and the diseases of deficiency |
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Definition
Physiologic: Coenzyme in single carbon transfers of nucleic acid and amino acid synthesis
Deficiency: Birth defects, Magaloblastic anemia |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Vitamin B12 and the diseases of deficiency |
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Definition
Coenzyme in metabolism of odd number fatty acids and methyl transfers
Deficiency: Pernicious anemia, neuro disorders, and dementia
Note: Deficiency most commonly caused by autoimmune destruction of parietal cells that produce the intrinsic factor for B12's absorption |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Vitamin C and the diseases of deficiency |
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Definition
Physiologic: Formation of collagen and carnitine, antioxidant
Deficiency: Scurvy, bleeding and spongy gums, poor wound healing |
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Term
| What are the fat soluble vitamins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Vitamin A and the diseases of deficiency and excess |
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Definition
Physiologic: Visual pigments, cell differentiation and proliferation
Deficiency: Night blindness, 2 others i cant even pronounce
Excess: Dirst defects, vomiting, bone abnormalities |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Vitamin D and the diseases of deficiency and excess |
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Definition
Physoilogic: Absorption of calcium and mineralization of bones and teeth
Deficiency: Rickets and osteomalacia
Excess: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, calcification of soft tissue |
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Term
| What are the physiologic roles of Vitamin E and the diseases of deficiency and excess |
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Definition
Physiologic: Antioxidant for membranes, lipids, and LDL
Deficiency: Anemia, nerve and muscle degeneration
Excess: Relatively non toxic |
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