Term
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Definition
| plasma - 55%; blood cells - 45% |
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Term
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Definition
| water, salts (electrolytes), plasma proteins (albumin, fibrinogen), hormones, nutrients (glucose, amino acids), waste |
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Term
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Definition
| red blood cells, white blood cells (granular & agranular), platelets |
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Term
| Granulocytes (white blood cells) |
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Definition
(1) basophils - contain histamine granules (<1%)
(2) eosinophils - kill parasitic worms; inactivate antigen-antibody complexes (<5%)
(3) neutrophils- phagocytosis (50-70%) |
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Term
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Definition
(1) lymphocytes - B lymph produce antibodies (25-35%)
(2) monocytes - phagocytosis as macrophages in tissue (3-9%) |
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Term
| Differential blood cell count |
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Definition
measurement of the proportion of each WBC type present; expressed as a percentage
procedure: obtain a blood cell smear and count 100 WBCs; calculate percentage |
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Term
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Definition
- measures urea, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, uric acid, hemoglobin
- utilizes enzymatic reactions
- enzymatic changes detected by color changes in reflotron(R) reagent pads
- color changes detected by reflectance photometry controls provided |
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Term
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Definition
- precinorm should show results that are within the normal range
- precipath U should show results that slightly outside the normal range
- purpose for running these? to ensure that the Reflotron(R) is working appropriately and that it will be able to detect readings that are both within and outside the normal range |
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Term
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Definition
- measure of kidney function; urea made by the liver and cleared by the kidneys
- test strip contains (1) urease, (2) pH indicator
- urease converts urea --> ammonia
- ammonia is detected! |
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Term
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Definition
- test strip contains (1)glucose oxidase, (2) color indicator
- glucose (via glucose oxidase) --> gluconic acid + H2O2
- H2O2 detected by color indicator! |
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Term
| Reflotron(R) - Total Cholesterol |
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Definition
- test strip contains (1)cholesterol esterase, (2) cholesterol oxidase, (3) color indicator
- cholesterol esters (via CE) --> cholesterol (via CO) --> H2O2
- H2O2 detected by color indicator! |
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Term
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Definition
- test strip contains (1) dextran sulfate & magnesium acetate (to ppt VLDL and LDL), (2) cholesterol esterase, (3) cholesterol oxidase, (4) color indicator
- HDL is oxidized to H2O2, which is detected by the color indicator |
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Term
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Definition
- test strip contains enzymes that breakdown TG into fatty acids and glycerol-3-phosphate
- also, enzymes that convert G3P --> H2O2 |
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Term
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Definition
- measure of purine breakdown because uric acid is the final product (humans contain uricase, but it is not functional)
- test strip contains (1) uricase, (2) peroxidase, (3) color indicator
- uric acid (via uricase) --> H2O2 |
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Term
| Reflotron(R) - Hemoglobin |
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Definition
- test strip contains (1) enzymes that promote hemolysis and Hb oxidation, (2) color indicator
- oxidized Hb complexes with another compound and forms a highly colored molecule |
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Term
| Reflotron(R) - Hemoglobin |
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Definition
- test strip contains (1) enzymes that promote hemolysis and Hb oxidation, (2) color indicator
- oxidized Hb complexes with another compound and forms a highly colored molecule |
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Term
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Definition
- BUN: 5-23 mg/dL
- TC: <200 mg/dL desirable, >240 high
- HDL: >35(M), >45(W)
- TG: 40-160(M), 35-135(W)
- LDL: <135 desirable
- glucose: fasting 76-110 mg/dL
- Hb: 14-18 (M), 12-16 (F)
- uric acid: <7 (M), <5.7 (F) |
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Term
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Definition
| composition: water, salts, organic material, waste, urea, uric acid, K+, Cl- |
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Term
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Definition
| can be used to detect (1) presence of drugs, (2) pregnancy (HCG), (3) UTI, (4) DM, (5) PKU |
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Term
| Urinalysis - presence of glucose |
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Definition
- detected by adding Benedict's reagent to urine sample + boiling for 2 m
- Benedict's reagent tests for presence of reducing sugars --> contains copper (II) sulfate, which is reduced to copper (I) oxide |
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Term
| Urinalysis - presence of protein (albumin) |
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Definition
- detected by adding Biuret's reagent
- Biuret's reagent (normally blue), turns purple in the presence of peptide bonds |
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Term
| Urinalysis - presence of yeast |
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Definition
| - detected by adding 3% H2O2 to a sample of urine |
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Term
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Definition
- Starch (via amylase) --> maltose
- Lugol's iodine - for presence of starch; if present, blue-black color
-Benedict's reagent - for maltose (2 glu mol); if present, orange color |
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Term
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Definition
| fat --> fatty acids + glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
- hydrolase
- breaks peptide bonds
- protein --> amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
- pepsinogen (zymogen) activated by HCl
- pepsin is a protease |
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Term
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Definition
| - protease in small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
- reduces flatulence
- contains alpha galactosidase, which cleaves complex sugars into simpler sugars, which aids in their absorption
- if undigested, pass into large intestine where flora ferment sugars (produce gas as byproduct) |
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Term
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Definition
| - lactose --> glucose + galactose |
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Term
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Definition
underweight: <18.5
normal: 18.5-24.9
overweight: 25-29.9
obese: >30 |
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Term
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Definition
Underweight: <5th percentile
Normal: 5th - 85th percentile
At risk of being overweight: 85th - 95th percentile
Overweight: >95th percentile |
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Term
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Definition
Men: min=5%, avg=15-18%, too much=>25%
Women: min=12%, avg=22-25%, too much=>32% |
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