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Microeconoics
chapter 1
34
Economics
Undergraduate 2
02/12/2009

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Term
Demand
Definition
a relation between the price of a good and the quantity that consumers are willing and able to buy per peroid, other things constant
Term

law of demand

Definition
the quantity of a good that consumers are willing and able to buy per period relates inversely, or negatively, to the price, other things constant
Term

substitution effect of a price change

Definition
when the price of a good falls that good becomes cheaper compared to oter goods so consumers tend to substitute that good for other goods
Term
money income
Definition
the number of dollars a person recieves per period, such as $400 per week
Term
real income
Definition
income measured in terms of the gods and services it can buy
Term
income effect of a price change
Definition
a fall in the price of a good increases consumers more able to purchase goods
Term
demand curve
Definition
a curve showing the relation between the price of a good and the quantity consumers are willing and able to by per period, other things constant
Term
quantity demanded
Definition
the amount of a good consumers are willing and able to buy per period a a partivular price, as refleced by a point on a demand curve
Term
individual demand
Definition
a relation between the price of a good and the quantity purchased by an individual consumer per period, other things constant
Term

market demand

Definition
the relation between the price of a good ad the quantity purchased by all consumers in the market during a given period, other things constant
Term
normal good
Definition
a good, such as new clothes for which demand increases, or shifts rightward, as consumer incomes rises
Term
inferior good
Definition
a good, such as used clothes, for which demand decreases, or shifts leftward, as consumer income rises
Term
substitutes
Definition

good, such as coke and pepsi, that relate in such way that an increase in the price of one shifts demand for the other rightward

Term
complements
Definition
goods, such as milk and cookies, that relate in such a way that an increase in the price of one shifts the demand for the other leftward
Term
tastes
Definition
consumer prefrences
Term
movement along a demand curve
Definition
change in quantity demanded resulting form a change in the price of the good, other things constant
Term

shift of a demand curve

Definition
movement of a demand curve right or left resulting from a change in one of the determinants of demand oter than the price of the good
Term
supply
Definition
a relation between the price of a god and the quantity that producers are willing and able to sell per period, other things constant
Term
law of supply
Definition
the amount of a good that producers are willing and able to sell per period is usually directly related to its price, other things constant
Term

supply curve

Definition
a curve showing the relation between price of a good and the quantity producers are willing and able to sell per period other things constant
Term
quantity supplied
Definition
the amount offered for sale per period at a particular price, as relfected by a point on a given supply curve
Term
individual supply
Definition
the relation between the price of a good and the quantity an individual producer is willing and able to sell per period, other things constant
Term
market supply
Definition
the relation between the price of a good and the quantity all producers are willing and able to sell per period, other things constant
Term
relevant resources
Definition
resources used to produce the good in question
Term
alternative goods
Definition
other goods that use some or all of the same resources as the good in question
Term
movement along a supply curve
Definition
change in quantity supplied resulting from a change in the price of the good, other things constant
Term
shift of a supply curve
Definition
movement of a supply curve left or right resulting from a change in oe of the determinants of supply other than the price of the good
Term
transaction cost
Definition
the cost of time and information required to carry out market exchange
Term
surplus
Definition
at a given, the amount by which quantity suplied exeeds quantity demanded.
Term
shortage
Definition
at a given price, the amount by which quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied
Term
equilibrium
Definition
the condition that exists in a market when the plans of buyers match those of sellers, so quantity demanded equals quals quantity supplied and the market clears
Term
disequilibrium
Definition
the condition that exists in a market when the plans of buyers do not match those of sellers
Term
shifts in demand curve
Definition

1.consumer income

2.price of other goods

3.consumer expectations

4.number of consumers

5. consumer tastes

Term
shifts in supply curve
Definition

1.technology

2.relevant resources

3.alternative goods

4.producer expectations

5.number of producers

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