Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- The study of the cause of a disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- The development of disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Colonization of the body of pathogens
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- An abnormal state in which the body is not funtioning normally
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- May be present for days, weeks, or months
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Permanently colonize the host
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- One organism benefits, and the other is unaffected
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- One organism benefits at the expense of the other
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A competition between microbes
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- protect the host by:
- occupying niches that pathogens might occupy
- producing acids
- producting bacteriocins
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A diesease that is spread from one host to another
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A disease that is easily spread from one host to another
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- New cases of a disease in a population during a specified time period
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Total cases of a disease in a population at a given time
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Disease that occurs occasionallyin a population
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Disease constantly present in a population
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Immunity in most of a population
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Symptoms between acute and chronic
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pathogens are limited to a small area of the body
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- An infection throughout the body
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Systemic infection that began as a local infection
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Growth of bacteria in the blood
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Acute infection that causes the initial illness
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Oppurtunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- No noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Make the body more susceptible to disease
- short urethra in females
- inherited traits, such as the sickle cell gene
- climate and weather
- fatigue
- age
- lifestyle
- chemotherapy
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Continual sources of infection
- Human: AIDS, gonorrhea
- Carriers may have inapparent infections or latent diseases
- Animal: rabies, Lyme disease
- Some zoonoses may be transmitted to humans
- Nonliving: botulism, tetanus
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Contact
- Direct: requires close association between infected and susceptible host
- Indirect: spread by Fomites
- Droplet: transmission via airborne droplets
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Transmission by an inanimate reservoir (food, water, air)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Arthropods, especially fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes
- Transmit disease by two general methods:
- Mechanical transmission: arthropod carries pathogen on feet
- Biological transmission: pathogen reproduces in vector
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Are acquired as a result of a hospital stay
- Affect 5-15% of all hospital patients
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- USA100: 92% of health care strains
- USA300: 89% of community-acquired strains
|
|
|
Term
| Emerging infectious diseases |
|
Definition
- Diseases that are new, increasing in incidence, or showing a potential to increase in the near future
- Modern transportation
- Ecological disaster, war, and expanding human settlement
- Animal control measures
- Public health failure
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- The study of where and when diseases occur
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Collects and analyzes epidemiological information in the United States
- Publishes Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Collection and analysis of data
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Comparison of a diseased group and a healthy group
|
|
|
Term
| Experimental epidemiology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Health care workers report specified disease to local, state, and national offices
|
|
|
Term
| Nationally notifiable diseases |
|
Definition
- Physicians are required to report occurrence
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Incidence of a specific notifiable disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Deaths from notifiable diseases
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Number of people affected in relation to the toal population in a given time period
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time
|
|
|
