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Definition
| rapidly reproducing cancer cells used often for research |
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| The transfer of disease from one organ to another not directly connected to it |
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| cell division in a bacterium |
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| a type of asexual reproduction common among prokarotes where a cell divides into two cells, each having the potential to grow to the size of the original cell |
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| The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane |
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| a very long DNA molecule that carries portions of the hereditary information of an organism |
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| one among two identical copies of DNA making up a replicated chromosome, which are joined at their centromeres, for the process of cell division |
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Cell Cycle
-divided into two brief periods: |
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Definition
Interphase-during which the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis and duplicating its DNA
Mitosis-during which the cell splits itself into two brief periods |
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Definition
| the complex combination of DNA, RNA, and protein that make up chromosomes |
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| proteins that DNA tightly coils around to form chromosomes |
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Term
| Steps of Mitosis (PMAT): Prophase |
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Definition
| chromosomes condense and become visible |
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Term
| Steps of Mitosis (PMAT): Metaphase |
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Definition
| condensed chromosomes align in the middle of the cell before separating into the two daughter cells |
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Term
| Steps of Mitosis (PMAT): Anaphase |
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Definition
| begins with the separation of sister chromatids followed by their movement towards the poles of the spindles |
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| Steps of Mitosis (PMAT): Telophase |
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Definition
| when the chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle |
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Definition
| large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle |
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Definition
| a group of cells derived from a single ancestor |
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| all body cells of an organism except for sperm and egg cells |
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| A reproductive cell or sex cell that contains the haploid set of chromosomes |
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| A chromosome with the same gene sequence as another |
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| a cell in diploid state following the fertilization or union of haploid male sex cell |
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Definition
| to arrange and classify the chromosome complement of an organism based on the number, size, shape, and other characteristics of the chromosomes |
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| Steps of Meiosis I (PMAT): Prophase |
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Definition
| Homologous chromosomes in the nucleus begin to pair up with one another and then split into chromatids where crossing over can occur. Crossing over can increase genetic variation |
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Term
| Steps of Meiosis I (PMAT): Metaphase |
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Definition
| Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, where the sequence of chromosomes lined up is at random, through chance, increasing genetic variation... |
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Term
| Steps of Meiosis I (PMAT): Anaphase |
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Definition
| The homologous chromosomes move to opposing poles from the equator |
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Term
| Steps of Meiosis I (PMAT): Telophase |
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Definition
| A new nuclei forms near each pole alongside its new chromosome compliment |
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Term
| Steps of Meiosis II (PMAT): Prophase |
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Definition
| the nuclear membrane disappears and the second meiotic division is initiated |
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Term
| Steps of Meiosis II (PMAT): Metaphase |
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Definition
| Pairs of chromatids line up at the equator |
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Term
| Steps of Meiosis II (PMAT): Anaphase |
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Definition
| Each of these chromatid pairs move away from the equator to the poles via spindle |
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Term
| Steps of Meiosis II (PMAT): Telophase |
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Definition
| Four new haploid gametes are created that will fuse with the gametes of the opposite sex to create a zygote |
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Term
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Definition
the pairing of homologous chromosomes during the meiotic phase of cell division
(an event in meiosis) |
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Definition
the point of contact between paired chromatids during meiosis, resulting in a cross-shaped configuration and representing the cytological manifestation of crossing over like the letter x.
(an event in meiosis) |
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Definition
| cell death occurs when cells either are damaged by toxins or starved of oxygen/other nutrients |
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Definition
| Programmed cell death as signaled by the nuclei in normally functioning human and animal cells, when age or state of cell health and condition dictates |
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