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Microbiology: Non specific (Innate) Host Responses
Microbiology 310 Chapter 18
52
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
11/08/2010

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Term
Innate immunity
Definition
Immunity that comes from innate structure and function. Resists any microorganism or foreign material.
Term
antibody
Definition
immunoglobulin. a glycoprotein made by mature B cells in response to an antigen. Has exact specificity.
Term
antigen
Definition
a foreign substance that induces an immune response. Includes proteins, nucleoproteins, polysaccharides, glycolipid.
Term
basophil
Definition
WBC granulocyte that is weakly phagocytic. Synthesizes and stores vasoactive molecules such as histine, released in response to external triggers. include mast cells
Term
B cell (lymphocyte)
Definition
Derived from bone marrow stem cells, matures into an immunologically competent cell. After interacting with an antigen it becomes a plasma cell, which secretes and synthesizes antibodies.
Term
cytokine
Definition
proteins released by cells of the immune system in response to specific stimuli. Influence activities of other cells.
Term
dendritic cell
Definition
antigen presenting cell with long membrane extensions like neurons' dendrites. Found in lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus(interdigitating), skin(Langerhans), and other tissues (interstitial). recognise PAMPs
Term
interferon (INF)
Definition
a glycoprotein that has nonspecific antiviral activity by stimulating cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit the synthesis of viral RNA and proteins. Interferons also regulate the growth, differentiation and function of a variety of immune system cells.
Term
lymph node
Definition
small secondary lymphoid organ that contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It serves as a site for filtration and removal of foreign antigens and the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes.
Term
macrophage
Definition
A large, mononuclear phagocytic cell, present in various tissues. Macrophages are derived from monocytes. The phagocytose and destroy pathogens, macrophages also activate B and T cells.
Term
monokine
Definition
a cytokine produced by mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes or macrophages) that mediates immune response.
Term
natural killer cell (NK)
Definition
a type of WBC that is different than granulocytes, B cells and Tcells. Capable of killing virus-infected and malignant cells.
Term
neutrophil
Definition
A mature granulocyte WBC formed in bone marrow. Has a nucleus with 3-5 lobes and is phagocytic. Most Abundant WBC
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
the endocytotic process in which a cell encloses large particles in a membrane-delimited phagocytic vacuole or phagosome
Term
T cell (lymphocyte)
Definition
Derived from bone marrow stem cells, matures into an immunologically competent cell under the influence of the thymus. T cells are involved in a variety of cell-mediated immune reactions and support B cell growth and development.
Term
toll-like receptor
Definition
a type of pattern recognition receptor on phagocytes such as macrophages that triggers the proper response to different classes of pathogens. It signals the production of transcription factor NFkB, which stimulates formation of cytokines, chemokines, and other defense molecules.
Term
chemical mediators
Definition
proteins or enzymes released to fight antigens - defensins, lysozymes, complement.
Term
Granulocytes
Definition
aka (PMN) leukocytes. ex neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
Term
Agranulocytes
Definition
includes monocytes and lymphocytes
Term
lymphocytes
Definition
Agranulocyte. T cells and B cells
Term
Types of White Blood Cells
Definition
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
Term
eosinophil
Definition
release cationic peptides. they kill invading organisms by ROS (reactive oxygen species). Also down-regulate allergic reactions
Term
PAMP
Definition
pathogen associated molecular patterns
Term
B cells
Definition
mature in bone marrow. differentiate into plasma and memory B cells.Plasma: work with antibodies to opsonize bacteria and neutralize toxins and viruses.
Term
T cells
Definition
mature in the thymus. differentiate into Memory T cells, T-helper cells and Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. T-helpers: enhance or suppress immune cell actions. Lymphocyte: have lytic enzymes and proteins that kill altered or infected cells.
Term
Peptide in MHC-II
Definition
comes from bacteria, incorporated into membrane of phagocyte. contains the antigen on the pathogen and takes it to antibody making cells. antigen presentation.
Term
lysosome
Definition
the cell component that contains lytic enzymes and ROS/RNS that kills injested objects or organisms.
Term
lysozyme
Definition
cuts peptidoglycan to break down bacterial cell walls.
Term
signal transduction
Definition
important to cellular bio. cancer cells may mediate so that growth is always turned on or receptors don't pick up TLS
Term
MALT/BALT/GALT/SALT
Definition
mucosal/bronchial/gut/skin associated lymphoid tissue.
Term
Antimicrobial peptides
Definition
cationic, bacteriosins (made by bacteria to suppress other bac.), complements, cytokines
Term
complement
Definition
system of over 30 blood proteins that augment phagocytosis
Term
Apoptosis
Definition
programmed cell death
Term
biological therapeutics
Definition
compounds used for medicine that must be manufactured by a cell, not chemically
Term
interferon
Definition
chemokine stimulated, inhibits virus production inside the cell
Term
A gene
Definition
"A" agouti: banded hair, only express yellow/orange. "a" non agouti
Term
B gene
Definition
B is black. b is brown. bl is light brown
Term
C gene
Definition
C is full color. c is different levels of albinism: cb burmese, cs siamese, ca blue eye albino (pink reflection), c full albino
Term
D gene
Definition
D dense/normal pigment. d diluted.
Term
fd gene
Definition
fd normal non folded ears. Fd folded ear. homozygous lethal
Term
Hr gene
Definition
Hr normal hair hr hairless
Term
i gene
Definition
i normal pigment I "silver" - block phaeomelanin
Term
L gene
Definition
L - short hair l - long hair
Term
m gene
Definition
m - normal tail. M - manx tail homozygous lethal
Term
o gene
Definition
o - not orange. O - orange. heterzygous calico/ tortoiseshell
Term
pd gene
Definition
pd normal Pd polydactyl. can have radial hypoplasia
Term
R gene
Definition
R - normal straight hair. r different rexes: r cornish, re devon, ro oregon
Term
s gene
Definition
s - no spotting. S - piebald, white patches. homozygous more than heterozygous
Term
T gene
Definition
T - mackeral tabby, Ta abbysinnian, tb blotched tabby
Term
w gene
Definition
w normal color, W white - blue eyes might be deaf
Term
wh gene
Definition
wh normal Wh wire hair
Term
sp gene
Definition
sp - normal pattern. Sp - break up stripes into spots
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