• Only single-celled organisms
• All are bacteria
• Pro=before, Karyon=nucleus so "before nucleus"
• Pilus (fimbria) is only in these cells
• Cell wall; cell membrane
• Has flagellum (tail)

• Single-celled or multi-celled organisms
• Eu=true, Karyon=nucleus so "true nucleus"
• Intermediate filament
• Microfilament: thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton
• Microtubule: tubes responsible for movement

• Thick peptidoglycan layer
• Teichoic acid which acts as attachment site for bacteriophages and passageway for movement of ions
• No outer membrane or periplasmic space

• Thin peptidoglycan layer
• Contains outer membrane (OM)
• Has lipopolysacharide or endotoxin in OM whcih is released when cell walls break down
•  Contains periplasmic space

• Consist of ribonucleic acid and protein
• Serve as sites of protein synthesis
• 70S in bacteria
• 80S in eukaryotes

• A specialized resting structure found in bacteria such as Bacillus and Clostridium
• Helps the bacteria to survive
• Highly resistant to heat, acids, bases, disinfectants and radiation
  

• Bacteria with a single polar flagellus located at one end
• Ex: pseudomonas

• Bacteria with two flagella, one at each end
• Both are polar
• Ex: spirillum

• Bacteria with two or more flagella at one or both ends
• Ex: spirillum

• Flagella all over the surface
• Ex: salmonella; proteus

• Bacteria without flagella
• Ex: cocci

• A hairlike appendage found on the surface of many bacteria
• Tiny, hollow projections
• Used to attach bacteria to surfaces
• Not involved in movement
• Long pili = conjugation pili (F-pili) --> F+ (male) or F- (female)
• Short pili = fimbriae

Cell expends no energy to move substances down a concentration gradient (high to low concentration)

1. Simple Diffusion (osmosis, dialysis)
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Filtration (high to low pressure)

Cell expends energy from ATP, enabling it to transport substances against a concentration gradient

1. ATP
2. Exocytosis
3. Endocytosis

• Phago (eat)
• Pino (drinking)
• Receptor mediated (attach)

• Allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special transport proteins
• Uses no ATP or energy
• High to low concentration

• Higher concentration inside the cell than in the solution
• Cell swells
• Think hypo/hippo, fat person has higher salt in their system than water so they swell

• Lower concentration inside the cell than in the solution
• Cell shrivels 
• Water leaves hyper person's body