Term
| Phototrophs require what source of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lithotrophs require what source of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| organotrophs require what source of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| chemotrophs require what source of energy? |
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Definition
| organic or inorganic matter |
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Term
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Definition
| a source of energy, a source of water, macroelements, trace elements |
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Term
| Macroelements become components of |
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Definition
| lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
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Term
| trace elements become components of |
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Definition
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Term
| Microbes which use CO2 as their main source of C are: |
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Definition
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Term
| Microbes that use more complex molecules for C are: |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen is required for the synthesis of: |
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Definition
| nucleic acids, ATP, amino group (of amino acids), some lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme function and use in Electron Transport Chain |
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Term
| What facilitates movement in nutrient uptake? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Active uptake does not require energy |
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Definition
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Term
| In Active transport, molecules are transported across the membrane against __ or __ |
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Definition
| Protonmotive force or concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: In group Translocation, the molecules are chemically altered as they are being taken up |
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Definition
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Term
| Group Translocation involves |
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Definition
| enzymes and membrane proteins |
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Term
| Who usually uses group translocation? |
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Definition
| G+ve and G-ve facultative anaerobes (enterobacteria) |
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Term
| Non-siderophore mediated uptake involves what type of protein? |
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Definition
| Transferrin binding proteins (TBPs) |
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Term
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Definition
| interact directly with host transferrin/lactoferrin and dissociate the Fe from them |
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Term
| A media whose exact composition is known: |
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Definition
| Chemically defined media (CDM) |
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Term
| T/F: Complex media's exact composition is known |
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Definition
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Term
| Complex media is used to grow: |
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Definition
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Term
| Media that allows only the growth of certain bacteria and suppresses the growth of others |
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Definition
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Term
| A media that is used for the growth of obligate anaerobic bacteria |
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Definition
| Anaerobic growth media-Reducing media |
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Term
| A media that allows bacteria to be easily distinguished from others |
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Definition
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Term
| Under optimal environmental/nutrient conditions many bacteria can produce a new generation every: |
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Definition
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Term
| Four typical phases of a growth curve: |
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Definition
| Lap phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase |
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Term
| When first inoculated, growth doesn't occur immediately (bacteria synthesizing cellular components) this phase is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase when bacteria have exponential growth and are dividing at the max rate |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase when growth stops, but cell function continues. Nutrients depleted, wastes accumulated |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: There is no net increase or decrease in cell number during the stationary phase |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase in which cells lyse and die |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria whom grow between pH 0 and pH 5.5 |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria whom grow between pH5.5 and pH 8 |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria whom grow between pH8.5 and pH 11.5 |
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Definition
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Term
| Most pathogens are: Acidophiles, neutrophiles, or alkalophiles? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Singlet oxygen (02), Superoxide free radicals (O2-), Peroxide anion (O2^2-), Hydroxyl radical (OH-) |
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Term
| Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme converts |
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Definition
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Term
| Catalase and Peroxidase enzymes neutralize |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Hydroxyl radical is the least reactive form of oxygen |
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Definition
| False: most reactive form |
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Term
| Pseudomonas and Micrococcus are: A) faculatative anaerobes B) obligate aerobes |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Obligate aerobes produce SOD and catalase enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
| E, coli, Salmonella, Pasteurella are: A) Facultative anaerobes B) obligate aerobes |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Faculatative anaerobes produce SOD and catalase enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteroides and Clostridium are A) Faculatative anaerobes B) obligate anaerobes |
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Definition
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Term
| A bacteria that will tolerate the presence of oxygen but does not utilize it for growth |
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Definition
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Term
| Streptococcus and Lactococcus are: A) obligate anaerobes B) aerotolerant anaerobes |
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Definition
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Term
| Heliopacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni are: A) aerotolerant anaerobes B) microaerophiles |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria that grow at reduced oxygen tension and do not produce SOD or catalase |
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Definition
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Term
| The killing of all viable microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| The killing or inhibition of microbial growth on non-living objects (not spores) |
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Definition
| Disinfection/disinfectants |
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Term
| Microbial population reduced to acceptable levels (not spores) |
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Definition
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Term
| Prevents microbial growth on living tissue (not spores) |
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Definition
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Term
| Kills microbe, bactericide, fungicide |
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Definition
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Term
| The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism |
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Definition
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Term
| The removal of electrons from a molecule , which produces energy |
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Definition
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Term
| The acceptance of electrons from a molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical reactions that involve breaking bonds to release energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical reactions that require energy and build complex molecules from simple ones |
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Definition
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Term
| The addition of phosphate to a compound is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| The three ways phosphorylation can be acheived: |
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Definition
| substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, and photophosphorylation |
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Term
| Enzymes are mostly made up of: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| __ speed up chemical reactions within the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions within the cell by __ |
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Definition
lowering the amount of energy required to drive a reaction (the activation energy)without changing the cell
s temp or pressure |
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Term
| An enzyme that speeds up a chemical reaction without permanently altering themselves |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes are: A)specific B) general |
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Definition
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Term
| The speed of the enzyme is referred to as: |
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Definition
| turnover rate/ conversion rate |
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Term
| The specific spatial configuration of surface amino acids and where an enzyme interacts with the substrate |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes that are made up of proteins and non-proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| Holoenzymes are made up of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The apoenzyme is the __ portion of the holoenzyme |
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Definition
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Term
| The cofactor portion of the holoenzyme is made up of |
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Definition
| Non-protein things (metal ions and coenzymes) |
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Term
| T/F: the apoenzyme does not need the cofactors to function |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two important enzymes |
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Definition
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) |
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Term
| NAD+ is involved in: A) catabolic reactions B) Anabolic reactions C) both |
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Definition
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Term
| NADP+ is involved in: A) catabolic reactions B) Anabolic reactions C) both |
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Definition
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Term
| NAD+ and NADP+ is derived from: |
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Definition
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Term
| Co-enzyme A is important for __ |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Low Km = high substrate [] |
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Definition
False
Low km= low substrate [] |
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Term
| An inhibitor that interacts with the enzyme's active site and completes with native substrate |
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibitors interact with the allosteric site on the enzyme (not the active site) |
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Definition
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Term
| The mechanism by which the cell controls the amount of energy used and chemical reactions needed to make a given product |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes regulated by addition or deletion of small organic molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: All members of the Enterobacteria are catalase positive |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: All strains of the Pasteurella multocida are lactase positive |
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Definition
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Term
| To obtain energy, microorganisms use what two processes? |
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Definition
| Cellular respiration and fermentation |
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Term
| Cellular respiration and fermentation both start with __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose can be taken up by bacteria via either __ or __ |
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Definition
| Active transport or Phosphotransferase System (PTS) |
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Term
| T/F: In PTS, as the molecule comes in, it is altered |
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Definition
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Term
| What enters the glycolysis cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| In glycolysis, glucose-6-phosphate is oxidated to |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Glycolysis requires oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| 6-carbon glucose becomes __ |
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Definition
| 3 carbon pyruvate + 2 ATP and 2 NADH |
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Term
| Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is the __ of __ and produces __ ATP |
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Definition
| oxidation of 5-carbon molecules; 1 |
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Term
| Entner-Doudoroff Pathway uses __ and produces _ ATP |
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Definition
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Term
| The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway is used by: A) gram negative B) gram positive |
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Definition
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Term
| When the final electron receptor is O2 |
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Definition
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Term
| When the final electron receptor is a number of molecules other than O2 |
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Definition
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