Term
|
Definition
-aerobic growth
-require large amounts of sodium for growth
-cell wall is is composed of glycoprotein, stablized by sodium ions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-extremely alkaliphilic and halophilic
-Soda lake habitat
-optimal at very low Mg2+ concentrations and high pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-two light sensors
-control phototaxis by the organism(the movement twoards light) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of methane formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-a methane-producing prokaryote; CH4 is produced by either reduction of CO2 with H2 or from vertain organic compounds
-anaerobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -pseudopeptidoglycan walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -methanochondroitin walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-facuulatative aerobes; grow either aerobically or anaerobically by sulfur respiration
-obtained from self heating coal refule piles
-unique cell membrane; contains a lipopolysaccaride like material called lipoglycan (tetraether lipid monolayer membrane with mannose and glucose) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-chemolithoptrophic
-strong acidophile
-not a thermophile, optimally grows at 35 degrees celsius
-lives off of the oxidation of iron in the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Extremophile
-only works at LOW pH (as low as -.06)
-has a cell wall (an S-layer)
-Lower DNA GC base ratio
-grow heterotrophically on complex media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-isolated from sediments near submarine hydrothermal vents and from the walls of "black smoker" hydrothermal vent chimneys
-hyperthermophilic methanogen
-found 2000m in the ocean where water is up to 250 degrees celsius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-true sulfate reducer
-makes small amount of methane
-isolated from hot marine sediments near hydrothermal vents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-not a sulfate-reducing bacterium
-iron oxidizing chemolithotrophic autotroph
-can us H2 or H2S as electron donors in energy metabolism
-isolated from a shallow marine hydrothermal vent
-grows optimally at 85 degrees celsius
oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+ under anoxic conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-grows anaerobically
-able to use elemental sulfur both aerobically and anaerobically
-Aerobically uses elemental sulfur as electron donor
-Anaerobically uses elemental sulfur as an electron acceptor
-grows at temperatures from 65 degrees up to a max of 95 degrees, optimum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-optimum temperature is 106 degrees Celsius
-Pyrolobus fumarii currently holds the record for the most thermophilic of all well characterized prokaryotes
-lives in the walls of "black smoker" hydrothermal vent chimneys where its autotrophic abilities contribute organic carbon to this otherwise inorganic environment
-coccoid shaped
-cell wall is composed of protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-grows optimally at 90 degrees Celsius
-metabolism is H2/elemental S based
-hyperthermophilic
-has an outer membrane, present at some distance from the cytoplasm of the cell wall
-host to small, parasitic prokaryote (like Nanoarchaeum with a genomic size of .49 mbp) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-live as parasites, or as symbionts, of the crenaraechaeote Ignicoccus
-0.4 micrometers in diameter
-replicate only when attached to the surgae of Ignicoccus cells
-consist of an S layer that overlays what appears to be a periplasmic space
-can't grow in pure culture, only with Ignicoccus as a host
-hyperthermophilic, optimal growth at 90 degrees Celsius
-found from submarine hydrothermal vents and terrestrialhot springs |
|
|
Term
| Heat Stability of Biomolecules |
|
Definition
| The solution to protein thermostability turns on the folding of the molecule |
|
|
Term
| Protein Folding and Thermostability |
|
Definition
-it is the folding of they protein itself that most affects its heat resistance
-subtle changes in amino acid sequence are often sufficient to affect a significant change in folding in a portion of a molecule that renders heat stable an otherwise heat-labile protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex function to keep the cell's other proteins properly folded and functional at high temperature and can help cells survive even above their maximal growth temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-DNA topoisomerase produced by all hyperthermphiles
-introduces positive supercoils into DNA
-only happens above 80 degrees Celsius-indicating importance to DNA stability at high temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-contain a membrane enclosed nucleus and several other organelles
-also includes the Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticula, and microtubules and microfilaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-contains the genome of the eukaryotic cell
-diameter of many micrometers, easily visible with light microscope even without staining
-enclosed by a pair of membranes:inner (simple sac) and outer (continuous with the ER) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
-Rich in RNA and often visble under the light microscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-where the respiration and oxidative phosphorylation are localized
-surrounded by two membranesl outer membrane (composed of equal mixture of protein and lipid and is permeable, has many minute channels for ion passage and small organic molecules) and the innermembrane (more protein rich and less permeable)
-Membranes lack sterols, so are much less rigid than the eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane
-possesses a series of folded internal membranes called cristae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-where the respiration and oxidative phosphorylation are localized
-surrounded by two membranesl outer membrane (composed of equal mixture of protein and lipid and is permeable, has many minute channels for ion passage and small organic molecules) and the innermembrane (more protein rich and less permeable)
-Membranes lack sterols, so are much less rigid than the eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane
-possesses a series of folded internal membranes called cristae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-anaerobic in place of mitochondria
-lacks cristae and citric acid cycle enzymes |
|
|
