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| Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology |
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Definition
| classify microorganisms according to Phenetics (cell wall structure, morphology, biochemisty) and phlogenetic (genetic, rDNA, evolution) |
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study patterns of lipids in microbes.
FAME-fatty acid methyl ester
PLFA-phosphlipid fatty acid |
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16S rRNA sequnece is found in every organism and is highly conserved.
Can not be moved laterally to other cells. |
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| uses parsimony analysis (PAUP); use a distance matrix to measure the relativeness to other organisms to make a evolutionary tree. |
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| no nucleus, pseudopeptidoglycan/murin cell wall layer, S-layer crytaline protein cell wall, ether lipid closed-monolayer, cytopental, small and simple genome, varied metabolism (n-fixers, methanogens, reductive TCA) |
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mostly mesophiles (some hyperthermophiles), acidophiles, anerobes, sulfur respiration, sulfur electron source.
ex: Pyrodictum, Thermopreteus |
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| methanogens (CO2 formate --> methane and CO2), autotrophs, diverse, anaerobes |
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chemoheterotrophs, fastidious, aerobe, pigmented red or orange with purple membrane, uses bacteriorodopsin (photosynthesis),
Ex: halococcus, natronema |
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| lacks a cell walll thermoscidophiles |
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| Extreme thermophile archaea |
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| sulfur organisms, thermococcus |
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| unidentified kingdoms divisions within archaea |
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deepest branched bacteria, Gram positive, hyperthermophiles, hydrogen bacteria, chemolitoautotrophs
Ex: aquifex pyrophillus |
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| hyperthermophiles, chemoheterotrophs |
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| radiodorans, aerobic, mesophile, Gram positive, radiation resistant |
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| Gram negative; alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon sub groups |
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| oligotrophs (prefers low nutrient environments) |
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alpha; nitrobacter--chemolitotrophs
NO2-->NO3 |
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| alpha; methylobacteria, makes one carban compounds like methanol |
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alpha; forms legume nodules (bacteriods) on roots, N2 fixation --> NH3
Ex: azotobacteria, brodyrizonbium |
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| alpha; Hyphomicrobiaceae, stalked,prosteca structure (hyphae), reproduce through budding, unusual and complex life cycle, oligatrophs, some one carbon metabolism |
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| Legionella (Legionaire's disease), Neisseria (gonarroeae, meningititis), Brucella (ungulate fever), chylamidia (inter-cellular), rikettsia (inter cellular), purple nunsulfur bacteria, agribacteria tumefacrens ( Ti-plasmid) |
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| prefers rich organic nutrients, anaerobic/aerobic |
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beta, very diverse, gram negative, aerobic, no fermentation, mesophile, motile, PHB (natural plastics), wide metabolic capibilities, degrades
Ex: B. cepacia, alcaligus, Bordetella pertuses (whooping cough) |
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| beta, sheath, stalk (for holdfast), litotrophs, found in sludge, Fe Mn, acid mine drainage |
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beta, litoautotrophs, S-->SO4, acid mine drainage
Ex: thiobacillus |
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| most diverse, gram positve |
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