Term
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Definition
-derived systematic nomenclature and built taxonomy
-based on 16S of 30S |
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Term
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Definition
-bacteria
-archaea
-eukarya
-drives microbiology organization |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Purple Sulfur
-photoautotroph
-oxidizes sulfur and deposits it on the cell
-H2S-->S(0)-->So4(-2)
-found in saline lakes, soda lakes, and salterns |
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Term
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Definition
-Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria
-photoheterotroph
-don't fix CO2
-ferment in dark |
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Term
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Definition
-CH3 CH2OH//O2-->CH3COOH
-respires alcohol to acetic acid
-fruit spoiling aerobically produces vinegar |
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Term
| Ecology and Industrial Issues |
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Definition
-found in alcoholic jouces
-CaCO3 plates
-incomplete oxidation of organic compounds
-synthesize cellulose |
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Term
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Definition
-Gm- coccus (unusual)
-Gonorrhea and Meningities |
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Term
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Definition
-rod-shaped
-Violaceum--purple pigment
-very resistant to antibiotics
-bone/sinus infections with purple ooze
-malignant
-very clean H2O |
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Term
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Definition
-cholera
-deep sea fish
-bent rods
-OXIDASE POSITIVE |
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Term
| Photobacterium and Bioluminescence |
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Definition
-marine, associated with fish
-grow in special organ or in dead fish
-facultative aerobes
-luciferase, reduced flavin mononucleotide, and O2 required |
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Term
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Definition
-luciferase regulatory synthesis
-produce autoinducer
-quorum sensing |
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Term
| Regulation of Bioluminescence |
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Definition
| -only when conditions are favorable for the development of high population densities |
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Term
Rickettsias
Metabolism and Pathogenesis |
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Definition
-intracellular
-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
-Epidemic typhus
-oxidize glutamate or glutamine
-respiratory chain with cytochromes
-electron transport phosphorylation
-rest of nutrients from cell
-transmitted by arthropod vectors
-penetrate epithelial cells of GTI, multiply, appear in feces |
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Term
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Definition
-rod-shaped, intracellular in arthropods
-parthenogenesis, killing of males, and feminization (males develop into females)
-colonize in insect egg |
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Term
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Definition
-nitrosifying
-chemolithotrophs
-utilize inorganic electron donors
-ammonia oxidizing
-ammonia monooxygenase |
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Term
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Definition
-chemolithotrops
-nitrite-oxidizing bacteria
-nitrite oxidase |
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Term
| Ecology Isolation and Culture of Nitrifying Bacteria |
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Definition
-soil and water
-high ammonia content
-mineral salts media |
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Term
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Definition
-rod-shaped
-acidophilic
-Fe+2//O2-->Fe+3
-H2S + 2O2-->SO42- + 2H+
-S(0) + H2O + 1 1/2 O2 --> SO42- + 2H+
S2O3 2- + H2O + 2O2 --> 2SO4 2- + 2H+ |
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Term
| Acidothiobacillus ferroxidans |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Fe+2//O2-->Fe+3
-filamentous, gliding, sulfur-oxidizing
-many cells from end to end
-habitats rich in H2S
-Winogradsky's 1st
-chemolithotropic autotrophs
-rhizosphere of plants
-settling problems in sewage |
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Term
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Definition
-sulfur-oxidizing
-chemolithotrophic
-all bundles surrounded by sheath
-anoxic oxidation of H2S
-accumulate huge amounts of nitrate and support extended periods of anaerobix resp w/ H2S as e- donor |
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Term
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Definition
-H2//O2-->H2O
-H2S//O2-->SO4-2
-H2 sole e- donor
-O2 sole e- acceptor
-Knallgas reaction
-more than 1 hydrogenase
-facultative
-hydrogen oxidizing |
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Term
| Physiology and Ecology of "H" bacteria |
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Definition
-grow best under microoxic conditions
-5-10% of O2 levels
-nickel in media |
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Term
| CO Oxidation (Pseudomonas and carboxydovorans) |
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Definition
-grow on CO
-carboxydotrophic
-Calvin cycle Rxns
-Co -> CO2 by codehydrogenase
-pterin bound to ^ |
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Term
| Pseudomonas carboxydovorans |
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Definition
| -can grow anaerobically with natrate as e- acceptor |
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Term
| C1 Metabolism in Methanotrophys and Methylotrophs |
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Definition
-no C-C bonds
-require O2 as reactant in oxygenation
-obligate Carbon
-methanotrophs have sterols = essential part of internal membrane system in Ch4 oxidation
-methanotrophs have methane monooxygenase |
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Term
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Definition
-assimile on C via ribulose monophosphate cycle
-disc shaped vesivales
- lack of complete CAC
- obligate methylotrophs |
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Term
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Definition
-assimilate c1 intermediate via serine pathway
-paired membranes
-hold metahne monooxygenase |
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Term
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Definition
-oxidize methane
-Ch4 = e- donor
-aerobes
-soil and water
-grow with one-c organic compound and methane |
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Term
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Definition
oxidize methane
grow with one carbon organic compound |
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Term
| Ecology and Isolation of Methano and Methylo trophs |
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Definition
aquatic and terrestrial environments
METHANE!!
narrow badn at oxycline
mineral salt medium 80% methane 20% air |
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Term
| Methanotrophic Symbionts of Animals |
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Definition
-relationships with mussels and sponges
-hydrocarbon seeps on teh seafloor, places where methane is released
-mussel gills consume methane where TYPE 1 Methanotrophs are located |
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Term
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Definition
-straight or slightly curved cemoorganotrophic aerobic rods with polar flagella
-absence of gas formation from glucose
-catalase positive
-OXIDASE POSITIVE
-0.5-1.0 micrometer
-no spores
-no sheaths
-never fermentative
-H2 or CO sole e- donor
-nitrate e- acceptor anaerobically
-responsible for breakdown in oxic habitats
- |
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Term
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Definition
-6-phosphateglyconate dehydrase
-2-keto-3-deoxyglucosephosphate aldolase
-not in Gm+ |
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Term
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Definition
-Fermentation of sugars to ethanol
-Spittle Beer
-Entner-Doudoroff pathway
-fermentation of agave
-yogurts, cheese
-homofermentive |
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Term
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Definition
-fastest rate of respiration
-N2 requires two reducing equivalents (ATP, Fd) because no living plant/animal can fix pure N
-Slime layers impede 02
-can decouple ETS to consume tremendous amount of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| -not pathogenic except Bdellovibrio |
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Term
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Definition
-prey on other Gm- bacteria
-develops intraperiplsmically
-froms a spehrical structure called a bdelloplast
-oxidation of amino acids and acetate |
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Term
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Definition
-magnetotaxis
-orient long axis with northsouth magnetic field
-magnetosomes |
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Term
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Definition
-microaerophile
-bacterial diarrhea
-contaminates alomst 100% of poultry carcass
-most common cause of undiagnosed bacterial diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
-acute and chronic gastritis
-fromation fo peptic ulcers
-related to campylobacter |
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Term
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Definition
-oxidize Fe+3
-clogs pipes because filaments tangle
-sheath
-filament is a chain of rod-shaped cells
-obligate aerobe |
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Term
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Definition
-SEWAGE FUNGUS
-precipitates Manganese
-sheath |
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Term
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Definition
-inside H2O treatment cartidges'
-like the Carbon
-cytoplasm filled stalk
-chemoorganotroph
-holdfast structure attaches to surface |
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Term
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Definition
-twisted stalklike structure of iron
-bean shaped cells
-cannot be grown successfully
-might represent lithotrophy
-in neutral pH iron oxidation produces even smaller exergonic reactions |
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Term
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Definition
-largest genomes of any prokaryote
-fruiting body formation
-can form multicellular structures
-have reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
-Oxidase "-"
-Catalase "+"
-facultative aerobe
-forms cell clusters
-commensals and parasites of humans and animals |
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Term
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Definition
-devil bugs that fall on plate
-found in air
-citochrome C oxidase in ETS
-Oxidase "-" Catalase "_"
-shows up as pure white or pink
-w/stand drying well
-obligate aerobe
-acid from glucose aerobically
-no cell clusters |
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Term
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Definition
-no respiratory activity
-heterofermental
-EM Pathway
-buttermilk, cheese, medical, etc.
-produce lactic acid |
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Term
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Definition
-homofermenter
-pyruvate --> lactic acid
-antimicrobial properties
-Bulgarian buttermilk
-rod-shape |
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Term
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Definition
-make lactic acid
-plagues food industry (listeriosis)
-largest meat recall in '93
-likes fridge
-80-85% spontaneous abortion--crosses placental barrier |
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Term
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Definition
-few are bad one causes eye infections
-form endospores
-harmless unless anthracis
-thurigienesis - bad for butterflies
-protoxin converted to toxin by prteolyic cleavage in the larval guy
-binds to intstinal epithelial cells and induces pore formation
-can clone into crops |
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Term
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Definition
-found in soils
-makes endospores
-food poisoning--BOTULISM
--most potent biological poison
-1mg = >1 million rats dead
-tetanus
-pyruvate-->solvents
-ATP throuh substrate level phosphoryl.
-sugars--butyric acid |
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Term
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Definition
-no cell wall
-wormy
-subject to osmotic shock
-obligate
-small genome - 500-1100 kbp
-steals steroids for their membranes
-M. genitalium |
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Term
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Definition
-parasitic to sucking insectes
-contain genes that appear to come from plants/insects
-helical or spiral shaped
-rotary motion makes them motile |
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Term
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Definition
-arthrobacter
-weird shapes V-shaped
-diptheriae |
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Term
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Definition
-Swiss Cheese!
-propionic acid
-thought fermenter
-membrane has a sodium translocating ATPase to pump sodium out |
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Term
Mycobacterium
Ziehl-Neelsen Stain |
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Definition
-fuchsin and phenol
-steam for 2-3 min to force dye into cell
-acid-fast = red
-non = blue
-mycolic acid necessary for acid fastness |
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Term
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Definition
-pleomorphic
-slow growers and fast growers
-TB = slow
-tight, compact, wrinkled colonies
-simple mineral salt media
-form yellow carotenoid pigments
-classifications: nonpigmented, forming pigment in light, pigment in dark |
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Term
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Definition
-+500 species
-most clincal antibiotics
-found in soil
-excrete substances--poisons
-filaments are .5-1 micromete diamter, infinite length
-growth occurs at tips of filaments
-spores are called conidia
-conidia produced through formation of cross-walls |
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Term
| Ecology and Isolation of Streptomyces |
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Definition
-primarily soil
-odor of soil from production of geosmins
-alkaline and neutral soil favorable
-well-drained soils |
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Term
| Antibiotics of Streptomyces |
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Definition
-50% proved to be antibiotic producers
-500 antibiotic substances produced
-streptomycin, spectionmycin, neomycin |
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Term
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Definition
-old name blue-green algae
-oxygenic photosyntheseis
-Z scheme
-chlorophyll A
-phycobilins
-heterocyst (round, seemingly empty cells, along a filament or an end of one) |
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Term
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Definition
-refractile like a diamond
-heterocyst fixes ntirogen (azoto)
-can blow up cell w/ a lot of O2
-no photosystem 2
-block O2 diffusion bcuz refractile |
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Term
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Definition
-can fix nitrogen in dark
-danger of O22 eliminated
-nitrogenase closes in light
-changes quarternary structure to close in light |
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Term
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Definition
-part of endosymbiotic theory
-first procholorophyte discovered
-marine invertebrates
-muramic acid --> peptidoglycan present
-carotenoids similar to cyanobacteria |
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Term
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Definition
-Champion STD
-elementary body attacks host cell
-phagocytosis of elementary body
-conversion to reticulate body
-multiplication of reticulate bodies
-conversion to elementary boides
-release of elementary bodies |
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Term
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Definition
-lack peptidoglycan
***cells walls are S-layer***
-large amounts of cystine and proline
-resitant to penicillin nad cephalosporin
- |
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Term
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Definition
-nuceloid surrounded by nculear envelope
-remains in a covalently closed, circular, and supercoiled form
-remains partitioned from remaingin cytoplasm by true unit membrane |
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Term
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Definition
-oligotrophic--very little organic C and other energy sources
-form cytoplasmic appendages called prostheca
-two to several prostheca
-divide symmetrically
-peptidoglycan |
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Term
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Definition
-form prostheca
-two genes that show homology to tubulins of euk.
-similar to FtsZ |
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Term
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Definition
-anaerobes
-prevalent in human guy
-10^10/gm in human feces
-proteolitic
-produce abdominal infections
-synthesize shingolipids |
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Term
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Definition
-aerobic
-pigmented rods
-F. meningosepticum = infant meningitis
-cultured on agar with cellulose fibers
-obligate aerobe
-fish pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
-gliding motility, but no flagella
-look like they crawl
-can eat cellulose, peptidoglycan
- |
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Term
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Definition
-Green Sulfur Bacteria
-anoxygenic phototroph
-S compounds e- donor
-chlorophyll acde
-chlorosomes (segregated structures on reaction center)
-sulfur resides outside cell
-consortium - associaton w/ chemoorganotrophic bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
-Gm-, motile, tightly coiled
-protoplasmic cylinder
-endoflagella (inside membrane)
-Skinny
-not spirella |
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Term
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Definition
-endoflagella
-both rotate is same direction
-torsion on cell |
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Term
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Definition
-Spirochete
-Syphilis
-never grown in vitro
-oral cavities
-hindgut of termites |
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Term
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Definition
-Spirochete
-Lyme disease
-tick-borne
-some protozoa use spiros as flagella
-animal or human pathogens
-relapsing fever
-trasmitted through insect vector
-death in 40% infected |
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Term
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Definition
-15,000 Grays of radiation
-red or pink due to carotenoids-
-resistant to mutagenic effects due to DNA arrangement
-toroidal ring
-only effected by nirtosuguanidine
-efficeint in DNA repair |
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Term
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Definition
-green nonsulfur
-hybrid phototroph
-thermophilic
-lack peptidoglycan
-earliest known phototrophic bacterium |
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Term
| Physiology of Chloroflexus |
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Definition
-resemble purple nonsulfur in photoautotrophy
-grows well in dark by aerobic respiration as chemootrangotroph
-hydroxyproponate pathway |
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Term
|
Definition
-composed of species that specialize in anaerobic energy metabolism
-extremely versatile at anaerobic respiration using a variety of electron acceptors, including the metals Fe3+ and Mn4+
-barrophiles and thermophiles
-associated with mineral deposits |
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Term
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Definition
-chemotrophic member
-nothing to do with glycerol
-form bilayers
-hyperthermophile
-aerobic
-membrane lipids contain 1,2 dialcohols
-neither ester nort ether linkages
-lack peptidoglycan |
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Term
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Definition
-thermophilic, sulfate reducing bacterium
-growth temperature optimum is only 70 degrees Celsius
-ether-linked lipids |
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