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| study of organisms that includes badcteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses |
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| many diseases are caused by infectious agents, including bacteria |
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For an organism to be the cause of a particular disease, the organisms must be observed in all affected animals.
When the microorganism is isolated and identified in the laboratory, it must again cause the same disease when inoculated into susceptible animals.
The identical microorganism must also be recovered again from the inoculated animals.
The identical microorganism must also be recovered again from the inoculated animals. |
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| Those bacteria that are normally found residing in or on the surface of the body ;As a population of bacteria in balance with their host, they produce no discernible problem and in fact may be required for the proper functioning of many body systems. (e.g. certain types of bacteria in the GI tract are essential for proper digestion and nutrition in animals.) |
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| microorganism that causes disease |
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| ability and degree to which the substances that bacteria produce cause disease (Many bacteria produce characteristic toxins or certain enzymes that can increase disease) |
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| large protein excreted by live bacteria that usually have a specific adverse effect on the host, often disrupting neural functions. (eg clostridium tetani responsible for the clinical signs of the disease of tetanus) |
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| a structural part of the bacterial cell wall, consisting of lipopolysaccharides; often released when the bacterial cell dies and often causes high fevers |
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| a catalyst or a chemical produced by cells to speed up specific chemical reaction;they are produced by some bacteria and tend to breakdown tissue, providing substrate for the bacteria to use in replication and weakening the tissue for further invasion and colonization. Some enhance the attachment of the bacteria to host. eg coagulase, hyaluronidase, and lecithinase |
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| to inhabit or invade a host and multipy; necessary to cause disease |
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| a part of the immune response that stimulates phagocytosis, which becomes apparent by exudate;a local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, pain, swelling, and often loss of function and that serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue |
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| relating to or being the part of immunity or the immune response that involves antibodies secreted by B cells and circulating in bodily fluids; it is the part of the immune system that produces antibodies that can inactivate bacteria or toxins. |
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| part of the inflammatory process consisting of a large accumulation of phagocytes that clinically presents as pus |
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| a cell (as a white blood cell) that engulfs and consumes foreign material (as microorganisms) and debris |
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A type of protein produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances that may be a threat to the body -- such as chemicals, virus particles, spores, or bacterial toxins. (These foreign substances are called antigens.)
Each type of antibody is unique and defends the body against one specific type of antigen. |
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| A mother's first milk that contains vital antibodies necessary to protect the immunity of the very young |
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| having little resistance to a specific infectious disease : capable of being infected; determined by species, age, breed, sex, genetic factors, general health, immuncompetence, and vaccination status |
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| having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course of infection |
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| having a slow progressive course of indefinite duration of infection or disease |
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| bacteria that has gained access to the circulation, usually transient but can persist to colonize and turn into septicemia |
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| when bacteremia persists and bacteria colonize the blood stream; a very serious condition |
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| infections caused by bacteria that would not normally cause disease, but can cause disease in an especially susceptible animal. |
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| infections acquired from the hospital environment; environmental stresses, immunocompromised patients and antibiotic resistant bacteria add to the prevalence of this type of infection |
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| single celled organism of the Monera Kingdom that have no nucleus to separate it's DNA |
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| complex single celled or multicelled organisms of the protista, fungi, plant or animal kingdoms that have cellular organelles and a nuclear membrane that partitions the DNA from the rest of the cell contents |
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| a category of biological classification ranking between the family and the species, comprising structurally or phylogenetically related species or an isolated species exhibiting unusual differentiation, and being designated by a Latin or latinized capitalized singular noun (listed before species) |
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| a category of biological classification ranking immediately below the genus or subgenus, comprising related organisms or populations potentially capable of interbreeding, and being designated by a binomial that consists of the name of a genus followed by a Latin or latinized uncapitalized noun or adjective agreeing grammatically with the genus name |
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