Term
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Definition
| DNA exisiting in a double helix in a closed loop |
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Term
| exist f.. in c... without any p.. support or s.. m.. |
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Definition
freely, cytoplasm, protien , surrounding membrane |
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Term
locus: site distributed along c... to which g... a... can be traced consist of one or more g... |
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Definition
chromosome, genetic activty genes |
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Term
Bacterial chromosome replicated using b..f.. 1. ... anchors to point on c...m... 2. d..h... unwinds 3. e... belonging to d..p.. complex syntesizes new strand of d... using c..n.. 4. Each n..s.. unites with c.. p.. and forms new d..h. |
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Definition
1. DNA, cell membrane 2. double helix 3. enzymes, DNA polymerase, DNA, complementary nucleotides 4. new strand, complementary parent, double helix |
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Term
Known as semi-conservative because one p...s.. is conserved |
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Definition
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Term
The origin of replication is where e.. nicks closed loop at this point, two strands u.. enzyme called d..l... joins strands of DNA segments are known as O... f... |
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Definition
enzyme unite DNA ligase Okazi fragments |
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Term
plasmids are tiny pieces of D... n...e... for organism carry genes for a...r... |
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Definition
DNA non- essential antibiotic resistance |
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Term
Plasmids are not found in e... , mostly in gram negative bacteria some plasmids produce toxic proteins called b.. |
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Definition
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Term
Changes in bacteria can occur through .. and ... |
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Definition
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Term
M... is permanent change to DNA including disruption of n..s.. or loss of s..p.. of gene m.. occur regulary due to s..c.. or because of m... m... are usually carginogenic |
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Definition
mutation nucelotide sequence, significant parts mutation, spontaneous changes, mutagen mutagens |
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Term
the mutagenic chemicals in Urea and benzopyre cause d... or i.. of e..n.. in DNA during replication mutation can bring on a..r.. by encoding useless enzyme molecules |
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Definition
deletion or insertion, extra nucleotides antibiotic resistance |
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Term
another source of mutation is a moveable genetic element called t.. small segments of DNA that can move from one position to another in b..c.. |
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Definition
transposons bacterial chromosome |
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Term
McClintock discovered j...g... aka transposons in research with corn |
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Definition
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Term
A... discovered transfer of d..r... between ... and .. gene transfers occur between bacteria through: 1. C... 2. T... 3. T... referred to as g..r.. |
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Definition
Akiba, drug resistance, E-coli & shigella Conjugation Transduction Transformation *gene recombinations |
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Term
Conjugation: Two bacterial cells come together and a d...c... transfers g..m.. to recipient cell Donor: Recipient: |
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Definition
donor cell, genetic material F+ F- |
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Term
plasmid of donor cell is called... contains about ... genes that encode enzymes to r..d.. and s..p.. |
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Definition
F factor 20 genes, replicate DNA, synthesize proteins |
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Term
Conjugation bridge: forms between 2 cells where a s..s.. of p... passes to r..c.. Strain of bacterium donating D.. is Hfr |
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Definition
single strand of plasmid, recipient cell DNA, high frequency of recombination |
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Term
Transduction Gene transfer occurs with assistance of b..v.. or bacteriophages DNA of phage penetrates b..h..c.. and turns it into biochemical factory for new phages, b.. is d.. |
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Definition
bacterial virus bacterial host cell, bacteria is destroyed (lytic) |
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Term
| Lysogenic: p.. DNA integrates itself into bacteria cell and r... |
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Definition
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Term
Generalized Transduction: when p.. pick up fragments of plasmid DNA from b..c.. which may be a..r.. When p.. enters another bacteria, the bacteria acquire r.. |
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Definition
phage, bacterial cytoplasm, antibiotic resistant phage, resistance |
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Term
Specialized Transduction a..r.. genes can move from one b.. to another through p.. |
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Definition
| antibiotic resistant, phage |
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Term
Transformation Bacteria acquires geners from the e... Competence factors are protein molecules that allow d..f.. to pass through bacterial cell membrane |
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Definition
environment DNA fragments |
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Term
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Definition
multi-drug resistant staphylococcus aureus |
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Term
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Definition
| controlling mutation and genetic recombination |
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Term
endonucleases are e.. that react with n..a.. within cell aka restriction enzymes because they destroy phages n..a.. within b..c.. work by cleaving the phosphate-sugat bonds in backbone of nucleic acid "b..s.." |
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Definition
enzymes, nucleic acid nucelic acid, bacterial cytoplasm "biochemical scissors" |
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Term
Existence of r..e.. first postulated by Arber S... isolated r..e.. Nathan's used Smith's enzyme to s... d... of SV40 Berg constructed first r..d..m.. |
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Definition
restriction enzymes Smith, restriction enzyme split DNA recombinant DNA molecule |
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Term
Boyer isolated a restriction enzyme from E-coli strain RY13, "s...e.." To form permanent link between ends, enzyme called d...l... |
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Definition
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Term
Phosphodiester bond is formed by d...l.. it seals fragments and completes recombinant DNA molecule C-- constructed the first p..d.. recombinant DNA molecule.. called c.. |
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Definition
DNA ligase Cohen, plasmid-derived, chimera |
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