Term
| Clinical presentation of meningitis |
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Definition
- nuchal rigidity (stiff nick)
- stuporous, difficult to arouse
- chills, fever, HA
- sn/sx related to original site of infection
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Term
| Acute bacterial meningitis infection |
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Definition
onset: hours to days CSF Analysis: PMNs, high proteins, low glucose Suspects: S. pneumoniae, N. meningitides, S. agalactiae, E. coli |
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Term
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Definition
Suspect is usually viral:Enteroviruses (90%), arboviruses (west nile) or Mumps Unable to grow bacteria or fungi Common in infants/children Mild presentation CSF Analysis: Lymp cells present, normal proteins/glucose |
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Term
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Definition
Onset: weeks CSF Analysis: Lymph cells high, proteins high, glucose low Suspects: mycobacterium tuberculosis, coccidiodes immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, crytpococcus neoformans |
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Term
Characteristics of N. meningitidis
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Definition
Gram negative diplococci oxidase positive Ferments glucose and maltose Normal habitat: nasopharynx Transmitted by respiratory droplet Types A and C are cause of epidemic disease Type B is cause of sporadic disease |
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Term
| Virulence factors for N. meningiditis |
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Definition
Pili Polysaccharide capsules IgA protease Endotoxin |
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Term
| Treatments for N. meningitidis infection |
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Definition
- Penicillin treatment (25% mortality rate)
- Vaccine (routines in young adults)
- Chemoprophylaxis with rifampin for those in close contact
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative cocobacillary rod
- Requires factors X and V for growth
- Natrual reservoir: human nasopharynx
- Clinical manifestations:
- encapsulated strains: sepsis/meningitis
- unencapsulated: resp tract infections
- Dx: gram stain and culture using chocolate agar
- Txt: Ciftriaxone (encapsulated), Ampicillin (unencapsulated)
- Prevention: vaccine available, rifampin (prophylaxsi)
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative cocobacillary rod
- Fastidious
- Reservoir: human respiratory tract
- Clinical manifestations: whooping cough in children
- Txt: supportive care, erythromycin (decreases transmission)
- Prevention: DPT vaccine, acellular vaccine
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