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| acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
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| chemical substances produced by microorganisms that are capable of killing other microorganisms. Some antibiotics are synthesized in the laboratory. |
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| a substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms without necessarily killing them. |
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| an arthropodborne virus, carried by mosquitoes and ticks in most cases. |
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| - without sepsis; sterile; without pathogens or toxins |
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| an organism capable of synthesizing its own organic nutrients |
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| lessen the amount; reduce the virulence or vitality |
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| a procaryotic cell that typically possesses a cell wall in addition to a cell membrane, and divides by fission. |
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| formerly called blue-green algae; procaryotic, pigment-containing, largely photosynthetic unicellular bacteria. |
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| a change in normal structure and function, associated with signs and symptoms |
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| a substance that removes infective particles from a foreign object; generally kills or inhibits infectious microorganisms. |
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| an organism whose cells each have a true nucleus enveloped by a nuclear membrane. |
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| an organism that can grow and reproduce in aerobic as well as anaerobic environments. |
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| a catabolic, energy-yielding, largely anaerobic process in which pyruvic acid is broken down into certain end products, including carbon dioxide, ethanol, and lactic acid. |
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| eucaryotic organism occurring as a single cell (yeast) or a long, branching filament (mold). |
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| the techniques and mechanisms of manipulating, transferring, and exchanging segments of genetic material in and among organisms |
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| human immunodeficiency virus |
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| long, branching, often intertwining chains of cells, characteristic of fungi |
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| an environment in which the temperature and humidity are carefully regulated to develop a population of microorganisms in culture; also, the period of time during which microorganisms develop in a host before onset of symptoms and signs |
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| the invasion of body tissues by microorganisms |
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| the introduction of disease-producing microorganisms into living tissue or culture media. |
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| the material to be inoculated (see inoculation |
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| a nutrient substance used to develop and maintain populations of microorganisms. |
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| a disease-producing effect arising from the earth or atmosphere; such a notion was held to be the cause of disease until scientific research proved otherwise |
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| a microorganism; especially, disease-causing microorganisms. |
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| protozoans, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and some algae. Generally, any organism that can only be seen with a microscope. |
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| an organism that feeds off another living organism. |
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| a microbe that causes disease |
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| a cell that takes up foreign material into its cytoplasm by endocytosis. See phagocytosis. Certain phagocytes of the blood and tissues engulf antigenic material and "present" it to lymphocytes (antigen presenter cells or APC). This activates the lymphocytes, and sets in motion the immune response. Phagocytes include neutrophils and monocytes of the white blood cell population, macrophages, histiocytes, scavenger cells, and "inflammatory cells" |
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| the uptake of particulate matter, including microorganisms, by phagocytes |
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| an organism whose cells lack a true nucleus. |
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| refers to a cell with a complement of genes that did not come from either parent cell. |
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| a duplication or repetition |
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| an organism that uses dead organic matter for nutrients. |
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| the concept that microorganisms arose spontaneously, as opposed to arising from an ancestral cellular lineage. |
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| agents of disease so small that they can be visualized only with the electron microscope; structurally characterized by an envelope and a core of nucleic acid; incapable of metabolism and reproduction without a living host cell. |
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| a form of fungus characterized by cells without hyphae |
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| the study of small living organisms (small life, microorganisms or microbes) |
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| they are ubiquitous (they are found everywhere) |
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| found everywhere or omnipresent |
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| scientists do not consider these to be living organisms. As a result, they are referred to as infectious agents of infectious particles. |
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| microbes that cause disease |
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| What % of known microbes are pathogenic? |
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| The role of the infinitely small is infinitely large. |
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digestive system,
decomposes,
antibiotic production,
fungi to make food and alcohol,
genetic engineering |
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cosmetics, health and beauty products,
inoculations,
recycles oxygen and nitrogen,
food for other animals,
good microbes take up space so bad ones have no where to exist |
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food preservation,
population control,
used to purify water,
have symbiotic relation with humans,
enzymes |
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pesticides,
bacteria make vitamin k and b,
medical research,
ocean food supply,
helps heals scabs |
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| needs sunlight, CO2, water, and chlorphyll |
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causes disease,
stagnation of ponds,
interfere with food chain,
rapid food spoilage,
toxic |
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cause infections,
harm crops,
ubiquitous,
parasitism,
corrosion |
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cause abnormal behavior of healthy organisms,
can overwhelm a system by multiplying rapidly,
can deprive a system by not multiplying fast enough due to environmental changes,
compromises immune system,
kill plants |
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used in terrorism,
blights,
tooth decay,
mold,
STDs,
poisons |
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| major characteristics of living things |
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| made up of cells, acquire and utilize everything, grow, reproduce, have DNA, movement, homeostasis, defnite form and limited size, limited life span, respond to changes in environment, evolve over long periods of time, very high level of organization. |
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| levels of organization in nature |
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| biosphere--- ecosystem --- communtiy--- population--- multicelled organism--- organ system--- organ---tissue--- cell--- organelle--- molecule--- atom--- subatomic particle |
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| smallest unit with the capacity to live and reproduce independently or as a part of a multicellular organism |
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| a group of individuals of the same species in the same area, with certain traits in common |
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| do members of a population exhibit variations? |
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| What makes individuals exhibit these variations? |
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| What term describes all the genes in a given population? |
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| Where are the genes located? |
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| prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
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| What are the 2 major types of cells? |
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| cells that have no nucleus bound by nuclear membrane |
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| cells that have a nucleus bound by nuclear membrane |
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| protozoa, algae, and fungi |
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