Term
| What are the four characteristics of a successful parasite? |
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Definition
- Portal of entry
- Ability to multiply in a host
- Portal of exit
- Method of transmission to new host
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Term
| What are the three portals of entry? |
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Definition
1. Mucous Membranes
2. Skin
3. Parenteral Route |
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Term
| What is the mucous membranes and what are three tracts? |
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Definition
- The mucous membranes are lined passages or open cavities of the body to the enviroment.
- The three tracts with mucous membranes are:
- Respratory Tract (RT) - mouth and nose
- Gastrointestinal Tract (GI) - mouth, anus
- Genitourinary Tract (GU) - Sexual organs, urinary
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Term
In what way is skin a portal of entry? |
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Definition
- It is a good barrier when intact.
- The epidermidis, the outer layer, has no blood vessels and waxy lipid structure is resistant to bacteria.
- Skin must be broken to be a portal.
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Term
| What is the parenteral route? |
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Definition
| A direct route into the bloodstream - ie. a cut, bite, or puncture. |
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Term
| What ability does a parasite have to mulitply in a host? |
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Definition
| Its ability to stick or adhere and mulitply in the portal of entry. |
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Term
| What is the portal of exit? |
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Definition
| Usually the same as the portal of entry. If the MO is to be considered successful it must be passsed on the a new host. |
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Term
| What are the seven methods of transmission to new hosts? |
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Definition
- Respiratory Droplets
- Airborne
- Horizontal=Direct Body Contact=Person to Person
- Fecal-Oral Route
- Arthropod Vectors
- Fomites
- Perenteral
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Term
| What is respiratory droplet transmission? |
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Definition
- 3ft of less
- Considered weak, need moist droplets to survive
- Transmitted through talking, sneezing, coughing
- Will not survive on fomites
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Term
| What are airborne transmissions? |
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Definition
- Longer distances
- Hardier (resists drying and temperatures)
- Example: Endospores
- Bacillus sp.
- Clostridium sp.
- Exampe: Mold spores
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (dried secretions)
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Term
| What is horizontal transmission? |
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Definition
- Direct body contact, person to person
- Extremely fragile
- Examples:
- Neiserria gonorrhoeae
- Treponema pallidum (syphillis)
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Term
| What is the fecal-oral route of transmission? |
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Definition
- Typical of infected food in restuarant
- Typcial in daycares
- Usually caused by unclean hands
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Term
| What are anthropod vectors of transmission? |
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Definition
- Two types
- Mechanical (flies, mosquitoes)
- Biological (ticks - lime disease), MO is in tick
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the cycle of parasitic infection? |
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Definition
Agent - Reservoir - Transmission - Entry - Host - Exit - Agent |
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