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Microbiology
Chapter 1 Tortora - Microbiology
52
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
09/07/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
What are Microorganisms
Definition
minute living things that individually are usually too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Term
The genus...
Definition
is the first name and always capitilized
Term
specific epithet
Definition
follows but is not capitilized (last name)
Term
What is Bacteria
Definition
simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism.Often called prokaryotes because the nucleaus is not enclosed.
- Prokaryotes
- Peptidoglycan cell walls
- Binary Fisson
- for energy, use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis.
Term
what are Prokaryotes
Definition
no nucleus or membrane, enveloped organisms
Term
Archaea
Definition
- Prokaryotic
- Often have cell walls but the walls lack Peptidoglycan
-Live in extreme enviroments (dead sea or great salt lake)
Include Mathanogens, Extreme Halophiles, and Extreme thermophiles.
Term
Fungi
Definition
Eukaryotes whos cell wall have a distinct nucleaus containing the cell's genetic material. Surrounded by a special envelope called the nuclear membrane.
Term
What is Chitin
Definition
True fungi have cell walls composed of...
Term
What is Protozoa
Definition
unicellular eukaryotic microbes.
- Eukaryotes
- Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
- May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella.
Term
What is Algae
Definition
photosynthetic eukaryotes with a wide variety of shaped and both sexual and asexual reproductive forms.
- Eukaryotes
- Cellulose cell walls
- Use photosynthesis for energy
- Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds.
Term
What are Viruses
Definition
Acellular
- Consist of DNA or RNA COre
- Core is surrounded by a protein coat
- Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
- Viruses are replicated only when that are in a living host cell
Term
What are Helminths
Definition
Two major groups of parasitic worms are the flatworms and the round worms.
Term
The Classification of Microorganisms
- Three Domains
Definition
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya (protists, fungi, plants, and animals)
Term
Robert Hooke
Definition
discovered the "cell theory". All living things are composed of cells.
Term
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Definition
first to actually observe live microorganisms through the magnifying lenses of more than 400 microscopes he constructed. (Late 1700's)
Term
Francisco Redi
Definition
Tested the Meat with flies expirament. Proved that flies had to land their eggs on the meat in order to produce maggot.
Term
Biogenisis
Definition
Claim that living cells can arise from preexisting living cells.
Term
Aseptic Technique
Definition
Techniques that prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms. Now are the standard practice and lab procedurs.
Term
Pasteurization
Definition
High Heat for a short time. Pasteur's solution to the spoilage problem was to heat the beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria. Now used to reduce spoilage and kill bacteria in milk.
Term
Bacillus
Definition
rod like cell
Term
Coccus
Definition
spherical
Term
Sprial Cell
Definition
corkscrew
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
All living things are composed of cells and come from prexisting cells
Term
Agositno Bass
Definition
showed that a silkworm disease was cause by a fungus
Term
Ignaz Semmelweis
Definition
advocated hand washing to prevent tranmission of puerperal fever from one OB patient to another.
Term
Joseph Lister
Definition
used a chemical disinfecant to prevent surgical wound infections
Term
What is immunity
Definition
The protection from disease provided by vaccination.
Term
Robert Koch
Definition
This man proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided experimental steps called Koch's postulates, to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.
Term
Edward Jenner
Definition
inoculated a person with cowpox virus, who then had immunity to smallpox.
Vaccination is derived from vacca, for cow
Term
The laboratory of Robert Koch contributed which of the following to the field of microbiology?



a. simple staining technique

b. use of Petri dishes

c. first photomicrograph of bacteria

c. all of the above
Definition
All of the Above
Term
Who developed the smallpox immunization?
Definition
Edward Jenner
Term
Who come up with the Germ theory of disease?
Definition
Louis pasteur
Term
Who was the founder of antiseptic surgery?
Definition
Joseph Lister
Term
Which of the following types of microbes is a common sight on the surfaces of freshwater ponds and lakes?

Algae.
Bacteria.
Viruses.
Fungi.
Definition
Algae
Term
All of the following are examples of microorganisms EXCEPT:

a yeast cell.
a tapeworm.
a bacterium.
an amoeba.
Definition
A tapeworm
Term
The 18th-century scientist Linnaeus is famous for developing which of the following?

A system for naming plants and animals.
The first microscope.
A cure for tuberculosis.
Rules for studying microbes
Definition
a system for naming plants and animals
Term
What is Chemotherapy?
Definition
Treatment of disease by using chemical substances.
Term
What is Antibiotics?
Definition
Chemicals produced Naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against other microorganisms.
Term
What are synthetic drugs?
Definition
Chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory.
Term
Paul Erlich
Definition
"magic bullet" that could destroy a pathogen without harming the host.
- he developed a synthetic arsenic drug salvarsan, to treat syphillis.
Term
Alexander Fleming discovered
Definition
the first antibiotic, Penicillin.
Term
Bacteriology
Definition
study of bacteria
Term
Mycology
Definition
Study of fungi
Term
Virocology
Definition
study of viruses
Term
Parasitology
Definition
study of protozoa and parasitic worms.
Term
Immunology
Definition
Study of immunity
Term
Microbial genetic
Definition
the study of how microbes inherit traits
Term
Molecular Biology
Definition
the study of how DNA directs protein synthesis
Term
Genomics
Definition
The study of an organism's genes, has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms.
Term
Recombinant DNA
Definition
DNA made from 2 different sources.
Term
Recombinant DNA
Definition
DNA made from 2 different sources.

Biotechnology, enables bacteria and fungi to produce a variety of proteins including vaccines and enzymes.
Term
Biofilm
Definition
the slime covering a rock in a lake is a...
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