Term
| newer systems of naming(nomenclature) take into consideration what? |
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Definition
| the actual nature of the virus particles themselves-structure, chemical composition, and similarities in genetic makeup |
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Term
| how many orders of viruses are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three orders of viruses? |
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Definition
| caudovirales, mononegavirales, and nidovirales |
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Term
| overview the process of multiplication in an enveloped animal virus |
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Definition
1. absorption: the virus attaches to its host cell by specific binding of its spikes to cell receptors
2. penetration: the virus is engulfed into a vesicle and its envelope is
3. uncoated thereby freeing the viral RNA into the cell cytoplasm
4. synthesis: replication and protein production. under the control of viral genes, the cell synthesizes the basic components of new viruses: RNA molecules, capsomers, spikes
5. assembly
6. release-viruses bud off of the membrane, carrying away an envelope with the spikes |
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Term
multiplication: during the assembly process of a virus in the host cell, what is inserted into the cell membrane for the viral envelope?
also, what is the nucleocapsid formed by |
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Definition
viral spike proteins
rna and capsomers |
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Term
| overview the process of virus multiplication: |
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Definition
| absorption; engulf;uncoating; synthesis; assembly; release |
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Term
| what is the range of time that mult. usually occurs in |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of receptors does the virus usually attach to? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the rabies virus attach to on the cell membrane? what receptor on the nerve cells) |
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Definition
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Term
| hiv or aids virus attaches to what on certain white blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
how do viruses bind to the cell membrane
name two ways: one for naked and one for enveloped |
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Definition
naked: use molecules on their capsids that adhere to cell membrane receptors
enveloped: glycoprotein spikes bind to the cell membrane receptors |
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Term
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Definition
the range of hosts it can infect in a natural setting-this limitation that each virus has
ex: hepatitis B infects only liver cells of humans |
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Term
| what does the poliovirus attack? |
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Definition
| intestinalo and nerve cells of primates |
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Term
| what does the rabies virus infect? |
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Definition
| various cell of all mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue specifities for certain cells in the body |
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Term
| give an exampmple of tropisms- |
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Definition
| how hep. b. targets the liver and mups virus targets salivary glands |
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Term
| viruses penetrate by what process |
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Definition
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Term
| following pentration(endocytosis), where is the cell enclosed? |
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Definition
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Term
| when is the virus considered "uncoated" |
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Definition
| when enzymes in the vacuole dissolve the envelope and capsid |
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Term
| fusion of the cell membrane with hte viral envelope occurs in what type of virus |
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Definition
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Term
| where are dna viruses replicated? |
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Definition
| in the host cell's nucleus |
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Term
| where is the rna of the virus replicated |
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Definition
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Term
| true or false: the proteins for the new virus are assembled on the host's proteins using its ribosomes |
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Definition
| false: on its ribosomes using its amino acids |
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Term
| how are nonenveloped and complex viruses released into the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
| through a rupture in the cell or cell lyses |
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Term
| how are enveloped viruses released from teh cell? |
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Definition
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