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Microbiology
Bacteria (with pictures)
51
Medical
Graduate
03/11/2006
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Term
[image]
Catalase (-)
beta-hemolysis
bacitracin sensitive
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)
Term
[image]
Catalase (-)
alpha-hemolysis
optochin sensitive
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Streptococcus pneumonea
Term
[image]
Catalase (+)
Coagulase (+)
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Staphylococcus aureus
Term
[image]
Catalase (+)
Coagulase (-)
Novobiocin sensitive
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Staphylococcus epidemidis
Term
Strep pyogenes (GAS) toxins (4)
 Definition
TOXINS
  1. M-protein,
  2. Streptolysin O/S,
  3. Erythrogenic toxin/Pyrogenic exotoxin,
  4. Streptokinase
Term
Strep pyogenes (GAS) Tx (4)
 Definition
  1. Penicillin G,
  2. Penicillin V,
  3. Erythromycin,
  4. Clindamycin [nec fasciitis or TSS]
Term
[image]
Catalase (-)
beta-hemolysis
bacitracin resistant
(+) cAMP test
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Strep agalactiae (GBS)
Term
Strep agalactiae (GBS) infections
 Definition
Neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, & sepsis
Term
[image]
Catalase (-)
beta-hemolysis
bacitracin resistant
bile salt growth
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Enterococcus (GDS)
Term
[image]
Catalase (-)
alpha-hemolysis
optochin resistant
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Strep viridans
Term
Most important VIRULENCE FACTOR of Strep pneumoniae
 Definition
CAPSULE:
interferes w/ opsonization
vaccine is to 23 most common Ag's
Term
Staph aureus TOXINS (4)
 Definition
  1. Exfoliative exotoxin,
  2. Enterotoxin,
  3. TSST-1
  4. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin
Term
Staph aureus VIRULENCE FACTORS (5)
 Definition
  1. Protein A
  2. Coagulase
  3. Capsule
  4. Clumping factor
  5. Lipase & Hyaluronidase
Term
Staph aureus CONTROL OF VIRULENCE
 Definition
Agr: expressed in stationary phase, UP regs toxins, DOWN regs surface protiens
Term
Staph aureus Tx
 Definition
  1. Penicillinase-resistant penicillins (nafcillin & oxacillin)
  2. Vancomycin
  3. Clindamycin
Term
Staph epidermidis (how get & how tx)
 Definition
Nosocomial infxns, prothetic devices
Tx:Vancomycin
Term
Staph saprophyticus (how get & how tx)
 Definition
UTIs in sexually-active women
Tx:PCN
Term
[image]
Oxidase (-)
Lactose ferment (+)
Methyl Red (+)
nitrate (+)
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
E. coli or Citrobacter
Term
[image]
Oxidase (-)
Lactose ferment (+)
Voges-Proskauer (+)
nitrate (+)
nonmotile
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Klebsiella
Term
[image]
Oxidase (-)
Lactose ferment (-)
Methyl Red (+)
nitrate (+)
nonmotile
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Shigella
Term
[image]
Oxidase (-)
Lactose ferment (-)
Methyl Red (+)
nitrate (+)
motile
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Salmonella, Proteus, Yersinia
Term
[image]
Oxidase (+)
Lactose ferment (-)
nitratre (+)
polar flagella
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Pseudomonas
Term
Pseudomonas VIRULENCE FACTORS (8)
 Definition
  1. Fibriae,
  2. Alginate,
  3. Pyochelin,
  4. Pyocyanin, Pyorubin, α-oxyphenazine,
  5. Pyocins,
  6. Exotoxin A/S,
  7. Elastase, Collagenase
  8. DNase
Term

Pseudomonas Abx

 Definition
  1. 4th Gen PCN: Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, Mezlocillin
  2. 4th Gen Ceph: Cefepime
  3. Carbapenems:imipenam
  4. Aminoglycosides:Tobramycin
Term
[image]
Oxidase (-)
Lactose ferment (-)
nitrate (-)
Respire only
nonmotile
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Acinetobacter
Term
[image]
Catalase (+)
Coagulase (-)
Novobiocin resistant
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Staph saprophyticus
Term
Acinetobacter VIRULENCE FACTORS
 Definition
  1. Capsule
  2. LPS
  3. bacteriocins
Term
Acinetobacter INFECTIONS
 Definition
    Nosocomial Infections
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Bacteremia
  3. Meningitis (rare)
  4. Wound infections (Iraq)
Term
[image]
Microaerophilic,Capnophilic
Oxidase (+)
Urease (+)
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Heliobacter pylori
Term
[image]
Microaerophilic,Capnophilic
Oxidase (+)
Urease (-)
Grows at 42oC
Restistant to cephalothin
Sensitive to naldixic acid & complement lysis
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Camphylobacter jejuni & coli
Term
[image]
Microaerophilic,Capnophilic
Oxidase (+)
Urease (-)
No growth at 42oC
Sensitive to cephalothin
Resistant to naldixic acid & complement lysis
 Definition
LAB CHARACTERISTICS
Camphylobacter fetus
Term
Complications of Campylobacter infection
 Definition
  1. Guillan-Barre Syndrome
  2. Reactive arthritis
Term
Mycobacterial Characteristics
 Definition
Nonmotile
Obligate aerobes
Acid fast
Very long doubling time
Term
M. tuberculosis Virulence Factors
 Definition
  • Waxes D
  • Cord factor
  • Sulfatides (inhib phag fusion)
    • Term
    Atypical Mycobacterium
    Runyon I
    		 Definition
  • slow growing
  • orange-yellow in LIGHT
    M. kansasii
  • long, banded, beaded "barber pole"
  • reduces nitrate
  • infects lung
    M. marinum
  • causes swimming pool granulomas
    • Term
    Atypical Mycobacterium
    Runyon II
    		 Definition
  • slow growing
  • orange-yellow in LIGHT or DARK
    M. scrofulaceum
  • produces scrofula
  • enters through oral pharynx
    M. xenopi
  • grows at 42-45oC
  • found in water, taps, and swine lesions
    • Term
    Atypical Mycobacterium
    Runyon III
    		 Definition
  • slow growing
  • no pigment
    M. avium-intracellulare (MAC)
  • most common NTM in AIDS
  • White, middle-aged smokers w/ COPD:similar to TB
  • Non-smoking women over 50: right middle lobe or lingula
  • Scrofula
    • Term
    Atypical Mycobacterium
    Runyon IV
    		 Definition
  • FAST growing
  • no pigment
    M. chelonei & M. fortuitum
  • in immunocompromised
  • prosthetic implants
  • soft tissue, lung, bone, CNS, & eye
  • reduces nitrate
    • Term
    [image]
    		 Definition
    Fusobacterium necrophorum
    Term
    [image]
    		 Definition
    Fusobacterium nucleatum
    Term
    [image]
    Seen with sulfur granules
    		 Definition
    Actinomyces israelii
    Term
    [image]
    Anaerobic
    Bile sensitive
    Black conlonies on BAP
    		 Definition
    Prevotella melaningica
    Term
    [image]
    Anaerobic
    Bile resistant
    		 Definition
    Bacteroides fragilis
    Term
    [image]
    Anaerobic
    Double zone of hemolysis
    		 Definition
    Clostridium perfringens
    Term
    [image]
    Anaerobic
    		 Definition
    Clostridium tetani
    Term
    [image]
    Name
    the test & what two bacteria are plated?
    		 Definition
    CAMP Test
    Strep. agalactiae (vertical) &
    Staph. aureus (horizontal)
    Term
    [image]
    Oxidase (+)
    Sugar utilization: Glucose (+)
    		 Definition
    Neisseria gonorrheae
    Term
    [image]
    Oxidase (+)
    Sugar utilization: Glucose (+), Maltose (+)
    		 Definition
    Neisseria meninginitis
    Term
    [image]
    Anaerobic
    (double zone of beta hemolysis)
    		 Definition
    Clostridium perfringens
    Term
    Major Virulence Factor of Haemophilus influenzae
    		 Definition
    CAPSULE: made of PRP
    Term
    [image]
    What is the phenomenon seen here &
    what two bacteria are plated?
    		 Definition
    PHENOMENON: Satellitism

    Bacteria: Staph aureus (horizontal)
    & Haemophilus influenzae (vertical)

    because Staph provides NAD
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