Term
|
Definition
| initiated when present with AIDS defining illness, low CD4 <350 or high viral load; 2 NRTI and 1 NNRTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tenofovir, emtricitabine, abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "vir" - nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine, entervirene |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enfuvirtide (inhibits gp41), maraviroc (inhibits gp120) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent maturation of new viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RT and terminate the DNA chain |
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Term
|
Definition
| bind RT at a site different from NRTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrate |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV SE: inhibit cytochrome P450 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV drug SE: lipodystrohy and hyperglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV drug SE: pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| ritonavir, didanosine, stavudine, calcitabine |
|
|
Term
| HIV drug SE: nephrolithiasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV drug SE: peripheral neuropathy |
|
Definition
| didanosine, stavudine, salcitabine |
|
|
Term
| HIV drug SE: hepatic steatosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV drug SE: false+ drug test to cannabinoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV for general prophylaxis in pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV drug for occupational exposure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV drug SE: hypercholesterolemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram positive, gram negative, nocardia, chlamydia, UTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sulfonamide, tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacterial dihydrofolate reductase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram-negative rods, neisseria and some gram positive |
|
|
Term
| Ci in pregnancy and children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tendonitis and tendon rupture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forms free radical toxic metabolites that damage DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| giardia, e histolytica, trichomonas, gardnerella, anaerobes, h Pylori |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binds PBP; blocks transpeptidase cross linking; activates autolytic enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram positive and syphilis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hpersensitivity, hemolytic anemis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beta-lactamases cleave beta-lactam ring |
|
|
Term
| clinical use methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| toxicity of methcillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin |
|
Definition
| hypersensitivity; interstitial nephritis = methicillin |
|
|
Term
| ampicillin vs amoxicillin oral bioavailablitity |
|
Definition
| amoxicillin has greater oral bioavailability |
|
|
Term
| clinical use of ampicillin/amoxicillin |
|
Definition
| H flu, E coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella |
|
|
Term
| toxicity in ampicillin, amoxicillin |
|
Definition
| ampicillin rash; psuedomembranous colitis |
|
|
Term
| ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin cinical use |
|
Definition
| pseudomonas and gram neg rods |
|
|
Term
| beta-lactamase inhibitors |
|
Definition
| clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proetus, E coli, Klebsiella, Serratia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meningitis, CAP and gonorrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cetriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HSR, vit K deficiency, inc nephrotoxic with AG, disulfiram-liek rxn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram- only; penicillin llergic pts and those with renal insuff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually nontoxic, occasional GI upset |
|
|
Term
| imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem MOA |
|
Definition
| braod spectrum Beta-lactamase R carbapenem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to dec inactivation of drug in renal tubules |
|
|
Term
| imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem use |
|
Definition
| gram+ cocci, gram- rods, anaerobes; life-threatening infections |
|
|
Term
| imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem toxicity |
|
Definition
| GI distress, skin rash, CNS toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala D-ala |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram+ only; MRSA, enterococci, C diff (oral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nephrotocix, ototoxic, thrombophlebitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pretreat with antihistamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change of D-ala D-ala -> D-ala D-lac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rifampin, INH, pryazinamide, ethambutol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| azithromycin, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine |
|
|
Term
| TB drug: menincococcal prophylaxis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug: dec synth of mycolic acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug: inhibits DNA-dep RNA pol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug: delayse R to dapsone when for leprosy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug: orange body fluids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug: blocks mycobacterial FA synthase I |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug: effective in acidic pH of phagolysosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug: block arabinosyltransferase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug: optic neuropathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bactericidal inhibits 30S; misreading of mRNA; requires O2 for uptake
- gram neg rod infections; neomycin for bowel surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- nephrotoxic, ototoxic and teratogen
- inactive drug by acetylation, phsophorylation or adenylation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tetracycline, doxycyline, demclocycline, minocycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- bacteriostatic, bind 30s and prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
- vibrio, acne, chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, tularemia, H pylori, B burgdorferi, R ricketsii |
|
|
Term
tetracyclines
- interaction
- toxicity
- resistance |
|
Definition
- NOT with milk, antacids, or iron containing preparations
- GI distress, discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth in children, photosensitivity
- dec uptake into cells or inc efflux out of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- block translocation; binds 23sRNA or 50S; bacteriostatic
- atypical pneuonias, URIs and STDs; gram positive cocci, neisseria |
|
|
Term
macrolides
- toxicity
0 resistance |
|
Definition
- prolonged QT, GI disconfort, acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinphilia, skin rashes
- methylation of 23sRNA binding site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erytromycin, linezolid |
|
|
Term
chloramphenicol
- MOA
- use |
|
Definition
- blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosomal subunit
- meningitis (H flu, N meningitidis, S pneumo) |
|
|
Term
chloramphenicol
- toxicity
- resistance |
|
Definition
- anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome
- plasmid encoded acetyltransferase that inactivates the drug |
|
|
Term
clindamycin
- MOA
- use
- toxicity |
|
Definition
- blocks peptide bond formation at 50S, bacteriostatic
- anaerobic infections
- pseudomembranous colitis, fever, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
prophylaxis:
- meningococcal
- gonorrhea
- syphilis
- UTIs
- endocarditis |
|
Definition
- ciprofloxacin, rifampin, minocycline
- ceftriaxone
- benzathine penicillin G
- TM-SMX
- penicillins |
|
|
Term
HIV prophylxis
- CD4 < 200
- CD4 < 100
- CD4 < 50 |
|
Definition
- TMP-SMX for PCP
- TMP-SMX + azithro for PCP and todo
- Azithromycin for MAC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MRSA = vancomycin
VRE = linezolid or synercid |
|
|
Term
CAP
- outpatient
- inpatient
- ICU setting |
|
Definition
- macrolides
- FQ
- beta-lactam + FQ OR azithromycin |
|
|
Term
antifungals:
- membrane function
- cell wall synthesis
- nucleic acid synthesis
- lanosterol synthesis
- ertosterol snthesis |
|
Definition
- amphotericin B
- caspofungin
- 5-FC
- naftifine, terbinafine
- fluconazole , itraconazole, voriconazole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binds ergosterol forms membrane pores allow leakage of electrolytes |
|
|
Term
Amphotericin B clinical use
- supplement? |
|
Definition
- serious system mycoses (crypto, blast, coccidio, aspergillus, his to, candida, nucor)
- K and Mg because of altered renal tubule permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- same as amphoB, topical
- swish and swallow for oral candidiasis; topical for diaper rash or vaginal candidiasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibit ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting P450 enzyme that converse lanosterol to ergosterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fluconzaole = cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS and candidial infections
- ketoconazole = blasto, coccidio, histo, candida; hypercortisolism
- clotrimazole and miconazole fro topical fungal infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormone synthesis inhibition, liver dysfunction, fever, chills |
|
|
Term
flucytosine
- MOA
- use
- toxicity |
|
Definition
- inhibits DNA synth by conversion to 5FU
- systemic fungal infections (crypto) in combo with ampho B
- N/V diarrhea, BM suppression |
|
|
Term
caspofungin
- MOA
- use
- toxicity |
|
Definition
- inhibits cell WALL synth by inhibiting synth of beta-glucan
- invasive aspergillosis, candida
- GI upset, flushing |
|
|
Term
terbinafine
- MOA
- use
- toxicity |
|
Definition
- inhibits fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase
- dermatophytoses, onychomycosis
- abnormal LFTs, visual disturbances |
|
|
Term
griseofulvin
- MOA
- use
- toxiity |
|
Definition
- interferes with MT function, disrupts mitosis; deposits in keratin containing tissues
- oral tx of superficial infections; inhibit dermatophytes
- teratogenic, carcinogenic, confusion, HA, inc P450 and warfarin |
|
|
Term
antiprotozoan therapy
- toxoplasma or palsmodium falciparum
- T brucei
- T cruzi
- leishmania |
|
Definition
- pryimethamine
- suramin and melarsoprol
- nifurtimox
- sodium stibogluconate |
|
|
Term
chloroquine
- MOA
- use
- toxicity |
|
Definition
- blocks plasmdium heme polymerase
- plasmodium species
- retinopathy, G6PD hemolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, praziquantel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- blocks viral penetration/uncoating (M2 protein), release of dopamine
- influenza A; parkinsons |
|
|
Term
amantadine
- toxicity
- resistance |
|
Definition
- ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech
- mutated M2 protein |
|
|
Term
zanamivir, osteltamivir
- MOA
- use |
|
Definition
- inhibit influenza neuraminidase, decreasing release
- influenza A and B |
|
|
Term
ribavirin
- MOA
- use
- toxicity |
|
Definition
- inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase
- RSV, HCV
- hemolytic anemia, teratogenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- guanosine analog; triphsophate formed by cellular enzymes; inhibit viral DNA polymerase
- HSV< VZV, EBV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prodrug of acylovir with better oral bioavailability |
|
|
Term
acyclovir
- toxicity
- resistance |
|
Definition
- few
- lack of viral thymidine kinase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ganciclovir
- MOA
- clinical use |
|
Definition
- 5'-monophsophate formed by CMV viral kinase; guanosine analog; inhibits viral DNA polymerase
- CMV (esp in IS pt) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prodrug of ganciclovir for better oral bioavailability |
|
|
Term
ganciclovir
- toxicity
- resistance |
|
Definition
- leukopenia, enutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity
- mutated CMV DNA polymerase or lack of viral kinase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- DNA polymerase inhibits that binds to pyrophosphate binding size of the enzyme
- DMV retinitis when ganciclovir fails |
|
|
Term
foscarnet
- toxicity
- resistance |
|
Definition
- nephrotoxic
- mutated DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
cidofovir
- MOA
- use
- toxicity |
|
Definition
- inhibits viral DNA polymerase; NOT phosphorylation by viral kinase
- acyclovir resistant HSV, CMV retinitis
- nephrotoxic (administer with probenecid) |
|
|
Term
interferons
- MOA
- use
- toxicity |
|
Definition
- glycoproteins synthesized by virus infected cells block replication of both RNA and DNA viruses
- IFN-alpha= HBV< HCV, kaposi; IFN-beta = MS; IFN-gamma= CGD
- neutropenia |
|
|
Term
| abx to avoid in pregnancy |
|
Definition
| clarithro, sulfonamides, AG, FQ, metronidazole, tetracyclines, ribavirin, griseofulvin, chloramphenicol |
|
|
