Term
| 6 bacteria that cause of food poisoning: |
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Definition
1) exotoxin from Bacillus Cereus (reheated rice)
2) S. Aureus (meat, mayo, custard - preformed toxin)
3) Clostridium perfringes (also causes gas gangrene - found in reheated meat)
4) Clostridium Botulinum (improperly canned foods - bulging cans)
5) ETEC (travelers diarrhea) ** signs of food poisoning = nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (nonbloody) with onset hours after meal. Can also get bloody diarrhea from EHEC (O157) in undercooked meat.
6) Salmonella in poultry, meat, and eggs |
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Term
| Naegleria Fowleri (what does it do?, where do you get it? and how is it diagnosed?) |
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Definition
causes rapidly progressing meningoencephalitis that can progress to coma and death. (sx: nausea, vomiting, irrational behavior)
transmission = freshwater lakes
dx: ameobas in CSF
NO TREATMENT |
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Term
| Picornavirus - what does this include? |
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Definition
all are SS viruses - pneumonic = PERCH
1) Poliovirus
2) Echovirus (causes aseptic meningitis)
3) Rhinovirus (causes common cold - MOST ACID LABILE) - can's survive stomach acid.)
4) coackievirus (aseptic meningitis, hand foot and mouth dz, myocarditis)
5) HAV (hepatitis A)
** all are ENTEROVIRUSES except rhinovirus |
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Term
| Lipoteichoic Acid (what does it do, where is it found, what does it induce? |
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Definition
Fxn: part of cell wall/ cell membrane in both gram + and gram - bacteria.
Induces TNF (TNF - alpha mediates septic shock) and IL-1 (IL-1 is a pyrogen) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipopolysaccharide (active part = LIPID A) - an endotoxin produced by gram negative bacteria. Induces TNF and IL-1 just like lipoteichoic acid |
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Term
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Definition
PUNCH-K
- Proteus
- Ureaplasma
- Nocardia
- Cryptococcus
- H. pylori
- Klebsiella
+ Staph saprophyticus and staph epidermidis. |
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Term
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Definition
frequent cause of endocarditis (esp. in kids). Are all slow growing gram negative bacteria that make up normal flora
1) Haemophilus
2) Actinobacillus
3) Cardiobacterium
4) Eikenella
5) Kingella |
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Term
| Lactose fermenting gram (-) bacteria |
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Definition
Grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
FAST FERMENTERS: Klebsiella, E. Coli, Enterobacter
SLOW FERMENTERS: Citrobacter, Serratia |
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Term
| An enveloped DS DNA virus that is partially circular |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) Herpesvirus (DS DNA - linear, Ex: HSV1and2; VSV, EBV, CMV, HHV6-8)
2) Hepadnavirus (DS DNA - partially circular, ex: HBV)
3) Poxvirus (DS DNA - linear. EX: smallpox and cowpox) |
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Term
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Definition
1) Togaviruses (SS, + linear, icosahedral) causes: Rubella and equine encephalitis
2) Retroviruses ( SS + linear) causes: HTLV (icosahedral) and HIV (conical)
3) Coronaviruses (SS + linear, helical) causes: coronavirus or common cold
4) Orthomyxoviruses (SS - linear with 8 segments, helical) influenza
5) Paramyxoviruses (SS - linear, nonsegmented, helical) causes: Parainfluenza (croup), RSV, Rubeola (Measles), Mumps
6) Rhabdoviruses (SS - linear, helical) causes: rabies |
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Term
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Definition
Require: RNA dependent RNA polymerase; all are HELICAL in shape
Pneumonic: Always Bring Polymerase, Or Fail Replication
1) Arenavirus - 2 segments of genome
2) Bunyavirus (often transmitted by arthropods, ex: california encephalitis) - 3 segments of genome
3) Paramyxoviruses - enveloped - cause: ( parainfluenza (croup), RSV, Rubeola (Measles), Mumps)
4) Orthomyxoviruses (influenza) - enveloped, 8 segments of genome
5) Filoviruses
6) Rhabdoviruses (enveloped, cause rabies) |
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Term
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Definition
1) strep
2) enterococcus
3) Staphylococcus
4) Bacillus (spore forming rod)
5) Clostridium (spore forming rod)
6) Listeria
7) Cornyebacterium (causes diptheria via exotoxin) |
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Term
| Novobiocin (use? what does it differentiate) |
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Definition
Used to differentiate between Staph Saphrophyticus (resistant to novobiocin) and Staph Epidermidis (sensitive to novobiocin)
NO StRESs. (Novobiocin - Saprophyticus is Resistant and Epidermidis is Sensitive) |
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Term
| Optochin (what does it differentiate?) |
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Definition
OVRPS (overpass)
Optochin - (strep) Viridans is Resistant and (strep.) Pneumoniae is Sensitive |
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Term
| Bacitracin (what does it differentiate?) |
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Definition
B-BRAS
Bacitracin - group B strep (agalactiae) are Resistant and group A strep (pyrogenes) are Sensitive |
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Term
| Alpha hemolysis (green ring on blood agar) |
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Definition
1) Strep pneumo (catalase (-) and optochin sensitive)
2) Strep viridans (catalase (-) and optochin resistant) |
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Term
| Beta Hemolysis (clear hemolysis on blood agar) - 4 bugs |
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Definition
1) Staph aureus (catalase (+) and coagulase (+))
** all strep = catalase (-)
2) Strep pyrogenes = group A (bacitracin sensitive)
3) Strep agalactiae = group B (bacitracin resistant)
4) Listeria monocytogenes ( tumbling motility, causes meningitis in elderly and newborns, from unpasteurized milk, can be intracellular) |
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