Term
|
Definition
DNA or RNA
a protein coat "capsid" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-living obligate intercellular parasites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
10-1000nm in length
can be seen by EM only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mature, infective particle consisting of nucleic acid and protein coat ( an envelop depending upon the species) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the virus has an envelop, ____________ are usually present |
|
Definition
spikes
(carbohydrateliped complexes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Helical
Polyhedral
Evenloped
Complex |
|
|
Term
| Virus without envelope is said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long rods in a helical configuration
capsids are hollow cylinders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
many-sided
Icosahefron ( 20 triangular faces) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
helical or polyhedral
acquire their envelope by taking part of the plasma membrane of the host cell as they "bud"from the cell ( leave by exocytosis)
usually animal virus |
|
|
Term
| What type of virus usually animal virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a polyhedral head with a complex tail attached bacteriophages |
|
|
Term
Taxonomy of viruses:
based on |
|
Definition
type of nucleic acid
life-cycle strategy
morphology |
|
|
Term
Taxonomy of viruses:
based on |
|
Definition
type of nucleic acid
life-cycle strategy
morphology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not binomial names
normal names
do not have to be underlined or italicized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Retroviridae
Picornaviridae
Rhabdoviridae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Papovaviridae
Herpesviridae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HIV ( human Immunodeficiency virus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HPV ( Human papillomavirus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HSV ( Herpes simplex virus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
host cells must be present
bacteriophages are easiest to grow: incubated on a lawn of bacteria
Animal viruses may require a living host or cultures of host cells |
|
|
Term
| Viral replication strategies "life cycle" |
|
Definition
Viruses do not have enzymes for key metabolic reactions
must take over a host cell to produce vital enzymes and other components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turns a cell into a factory for producing more viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bacteriophages:
Morphology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bacteriophages:
famous example? |
|
Definition
E. Coli
including T2 and T4 phages and phage lambda |
|
|
Term
Bacteriophage:
two types of life cycles? |
|
Definition
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a phage causes the lysis and death of its host bacterium as it replicates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a phage incorporates its nucleic acid into the host cell chromosomes and remain dormant for a period of time
also called Temperate phages |
|
|
Term
| Temperate phages use _____________ cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Temperate phages:
example? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stages in the lytic cycle |
|
Definition
attachment: receptor specific
Penetration: phage DNA enters the cell
Biosynthesis: transcription, translation and replication of viral DNA
Maturation- new phage DNA and capsids are assembled into virions
Release: phage lysozyme destroys the cell wall |
|
|
Term
| Stages in the lysogenic cycle |
|
Definition
Attachement and penetration
Viral DNA recombines with the bacterial chromosome to form a prophage
The prophage replicate with the bacterial DNA and will continue to do so until something triggers it to excise itself; then continue with the lytic cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viral DNA recombines with the bacterial chromosome |
|
|
Term
Animal virus:
types of nucleic acids |
|
Definition
DNA
+ or - single-stranded RNA
Double-stranded RNA
RNA-containing retroviruses |
|
|
Term
| Double stranded DNA viral life cycle |
|
Definition
"early" genes are transcribed and subsequently translate, creating viral enzymes necessary for later steps
"late" genes are transcribed, and viral DNA is replicated
"late" translation synthesizes capsid proteins
Capsid proteins migrate into the nucleus, where maturation occurs ( virions are constructed)
Release of viral particles occurs through the endoplasmic reticulum via budding and does not need to kill the cell |
|
|
Term
| Naked viruses vs Enveloped viruses |
|
Definition
| Naked viruses normally do cause cell lysis - enveloped viruses bud from cell, acquiring envelope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
coding strand
"sense" strand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single-stranded (+) or (-) RNA |
|
|
Term
| RNA viruses carrying s.s. (+) RNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Viral life cycle:
using the enzyme reverse transcriptase |
|
Definition
Retroviridae
RNA viruses carrying s.s. (+) RNA
HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RNA virus
cause West Nile fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RNA virus
cause rubella and german measles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RNA virus
influenza "flu" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RNA virus
cause Mumps and measles |
|
|
Term
Single-stranded (+) RNA viral life cycle
ss(+)RNA |
|
Definition
| ss(+)RNA acts directly as mRNA in cytoplasm; translation of the products make an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| A(-) strand is synthesized form... |
|
Definition
| the (+)strand by the RDRP |
|
|
Term
| (-) strand serves to make ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| do not bud and result in cell lysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are translated to make capsid proteins, and are eventually packaged into mature virions as the s.s.(+)RNA genome, and the mature virions are released by a process called budding, which resembles exocytosis - the cell many not be killed |
|
|
