Term
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Definition
M. tuberculosis - often resistant to multiple drugs
M. Kansasii - pulmonary TB-like symptoms
M. avium-intracellulare - causes disseminating disease in AIDS patients
Mycobacterium leprae - invades superficial skin and myelinated nerves to cause skin eruptions in immunocompromised patients. Common in Africa, US resevoir is the armadillo. |
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Term
| Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis |
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Definition
Primary tuberculosis:
ghon complex - hilar nodes and ghon focus
Can cause healing by fibrosis, progressive lung disease, miliary tuberculosis, or dormant tubercule
Secondary tuberculosis:
forms fibrocaseous cavitary lesion
Spreads to vertebral bodies (pott's), CNS meningitis, GI, renal)
Presents with fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis |
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Term
| Microbacterium on staining, and agar |
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Definition
Acid fast staining on sputum, slow growing (2-4 weeks) organisms
Grows in Lowenstein Jensen medium |
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Term
| Treatment for Mycobacterium leprae |
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Definition
Dapsone
Mycobacterium leprae, acid fast bacillus
Armadillos are resevoir
Tuberculoid and lepromatous (communicable type)
Causes skin and superficial nerve infection. |
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Term
| Agent used when (+)PPD and negative Chest Xray (solo prophylaxis of TB) |
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Definition
Isoniazid (INH)
Only when theres no clinical manifestations of any disease going on |
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Term
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Definition
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
RIPE |
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Term
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Definition
Decreases synthesis of mycolic acid
Toxicity:
NEUROTOXIC/peripheral neuropathy due to isoniazid and Vitamin B6 competing (due to similar structure).
Hepatotoxicity
--Prevent with pyridoxime (vit B6)
Drug induced lupus (anti-histone antibodies) |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase
RNA pol inhibit
Revs up microsomal P450
Red/orange body fluids
Rapid resistance if used alone. |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits mycobacterial fatty acid synthase 1
Toxicity:
hyperuricemia
heptotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Decreases carbohydrate polymerazation of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyl-transferase
Toxicity:
OPTIC NEUROPATHY (red-green color blindness) |
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Term
| Main virulence factor(s) of M.TB |
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Definition
Cord factor - inactivates Macrophages, damages neutrophils and induces TNF. Gives it its serpentine structure
Sulfatide - allows intranuclear proliferation |
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