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Definition
| not decolorized by acid-alcohol solutions; Mycobacterium (true acid fast, Ziehl-Neelsen stain) and Nocardia (partial acid fast, Kinyoun & Gram) |
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Definition
| can grow in the presence of atmospheric oxygen; includes obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes |
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| used to determine the atmospheric requirements of the obligate aerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria and obligate anaerobic bacteria |
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Definition
| a solidifying ingredient extracted from Japanese seaweed; 1% concentration used in solid agar media (blood agar, brain heart infusion blood agar, KIA, and MacConkey agar) and .5% or less concentration used in soft agar media (MTM, oxidation-fermentation medium) |
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Definition
| has an amino group and a carboxyl group; polypeptides and proteins are composed of amino acids |
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Definition
| grows in the absence of atmospheric oxygen; have a fermentative metabolism; may be asaccharolytic or saccharolytic |
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Definition
| incapable of metabolizing glucose or other carbohydrates (glucose = indicator substrate) |
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Definition
| a rod-shaped bacterium; include gram negative bacilli, gram positive bacilli, and gram positive sporeforming bacilli |
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Definition
| a prokaryotic cell; has a single circular chromosome, 70S ribosomes, no nuclear membrane, no cytoplasmic organelles; characterized based on cell wall structure and gram reactions... |
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Definition
| a differential and selective medium; used to distinguish Enterococcus from Streptococcus; on aerobic BEA cultures, Enterococcus (and other species) form colonies while Streptococcus do not |
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Definition
| the asexual reproductive rocess of prokaryotic cells; division of the chromosome followed by division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells of app. equal size |
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Definition
| a nutrient medium supplemented with 5% bovine or ovine blood; most aerobic pathogens can be cultivated on blood agar under aerobic conditions at 37 deg C; these organisms are said to have nonfastidious growth requirements; hemolytic reactions (nonhemolytic, complete, incomplete, or double-zone) are determined from blood agar plates |
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Term
| Brain heart infusion blood agar |
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Definition
| composed of a brain infusion of heart agar suplemented with 5% bovine or ovine blood; most anaerobic pathogens can be cultured on brain heart infusion blood agar under anaerobic conditions at 37 deg C |
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Term
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Definition
| yellow below 5.2 and purple above 6.8 |
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Definition
| yellow below 6.0 and blue above 7.6 |
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Definition
| the primary stain for the Giminez (Chlamydaceae and Rickettsiaceae), Kinyoun (Nocardia), and Ziehl-Neelsen (Mycobacterium) stains |
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Definition
| the first biochemical test used for the identification of aerobic gram positive bacteria; catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen |
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Definition
| contains C, H, and O (H:o = 2:1); include mono-, di-, and poly- saccharides |
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Definition
| a constitutive property of some bacterial pathogens and can be used to aid in identification; Neisseria and Streptococcus pneumoniae form pairs, all other Streptococcus form chains, Staphylococcus form clusters |
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Definition
a constitutive property of a genus; gram positive (Firmicutes) = cocci, bacilli, and sporeforming bacilli
gram negative (Gracilicutes, except last)= cocci, bacilli, helical bacilli, spirochetes, and cell wall-free bacteria (Tenericutes) |
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Definition
spherical bacteria;
aerobic gram positive= Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus
anaerobic gram positive= Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus
anaerobic gram negative= Veillonella |
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Term
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Definition
| a mass of bacteria on an agar medium that is visible to the naked eye; develops from a single cells or a group of cells and will contain millions of cells; on aerobic blood agar cultures, most aerobic pathogens form colonies after 24 hours of incubation |
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Definition
| Safranin is the counterstain of the Gram stain; Methylene blue is the counterstain for the Giminez, Kinyoun, and Ziehl-Neelsen stains |
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Definition
| the cultivation and growth of bacterial populations on agar, broth, or semisolid agar; some pathogens in Rickettsiaceae and Chlamydiaceae can be propagated in embryonated chicken eggs and/or selected eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
| composed of iron-containing proteins and are present in the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria; they transfer electrons or hydrogen ions along an osidative pathway; in aerobic gram negative bacteria, the oxidase test determines the presence of cytochrome c; this is a constitutive property of a species, genus, or family; Enterobacteriaceae lack cytochrome c (they are oxidase negative) |
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Definition
| the primary stain in the Gram stain; stains the gram positve bacteria purple |
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Definition
| A variety are used with the Gram stain, Kinyoun stain (acidic acqueous), and Ziehl-Neelsen stain (acidic organic) |
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Definition
| can detect the enzymatic activities of different kinds of bacteria; MacConkey can tell if it's a lactose-positive or lactose-negative gram-negative bacteria; Monnitol salt agar can differentiate mannitol-positive from mannitol-negative staphylococci |
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Definition
| composed of two monosaccharides; lactose = glucose + galactose |
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| a specialized nonproductive structure formed within the vegetative cell of a gram-positive sporeforming bacillus; lacks water and is metabolically inert; for the diff. Bacillus and Clostridium species, the shape/location of the endospore is a constitutive characteristic (B. anthracis have an oval subterminal endospore) |
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