Term
| What is the normal flora of the URT? |
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Definition
| staph epidermidis, staph aureus, aerobic diptheroids, streptococci, yeast (candida albicans), pathogens (strep pneumo, haemophilus sp, nesseria meningitis, strep pyogenes) |
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Term
| What are bacterial infections of the upper resp. tract? |
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Definition
| tonsilitis, laryngitis, epiglottitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, diptheria, otitis media |
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Term
| What are causes of laryngitis? |
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Definition
| strep pyogenes, strep pneumoniae, ciruses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what causes epiglottitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is prevention for epiglottitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the causes of sinusitis? |
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Definition
| haemophilus influenzae, strep pneumo, strep pyogenes, staph aureus |
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Term
| What is the cause of pharyngitis? |
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Definition
| strep pyogenes (group A) or virus |
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Term
| How do you diagnose pharyngitis? |
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Definition
| group A carb, specific M types |
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Term
| What are symtoms of pharyngitis? |
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Definition
| inflammation, pus, fever, enlarged lymphnodes |
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Term
| What are the virulence factors for pharyngitis? |
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Definition
| lipteichoic acid, M protein, hyluraonic acid capsule, erthrogenic toxin (scarlet fever) |
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Term
| How do you diganose pharyngitis? |
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Definition
| quick strep ELISA, culture (beta hemolytic, bacitracin sentsitive) |
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Term
| What are complications of phrayngitis? |
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Definition
| scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, lemierres syndrome |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of scarlet fever? |
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Definition
| pinkish rash, high fever, STRAWBERRY TOUNGUE |
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Term
| What happens to the erythrogenic toxin in scarlet fever? |
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Definition
| it is lysogenized into a bacterial DNA |
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Term
| What is the cause of Rheumatic fever? |
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Definition
| M protein (its an autoimmune disease that attacks the heart, muscles, and kidneys) |
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Term
| What is teh cause of diptheria? |
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Definition
| corynebacterium diptheriae |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of diptheria? |
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Definition
| localized inflammation, sore throat, malaise, eck swelling, lymphocytosis, membrane that blocks of air |
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Term
| How is diptheria transmitted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What areh the virulence factors of diptheria? |
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Definition
| toxin (can result in heart defects or paraylis, stops protein synthesis so cell dies) |
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Term
| How do you diagnose diptheria? |
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Definition
| gram positive rod (club shaped), differentiate toxin stains from non (to determine whether it is normal flora or infection) |
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Term
| How do you prevent diptheria? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What causes otitis media? |
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Definition
| strep pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrgalis, strep pyogenses, ataph aureus, viruses |
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|
Term
| What are the symptoms of otitis media? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of the common cold? |
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Definition
| rhinovirus (children), coronoviruses (adults), adenovirueses, coxsackievirues, RSV, many nonisolateable |
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Term
| What happens in the common cold? |
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Definition
| viral replication and cell lysis (realease histamine, increase mucus secretion, spithelium and sinus membrane swell, vascular permiablitity, all leads to inflammation) |
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Term
| How do you treat the common cold? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you rpevent the common cold? |
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Definition
| decoy molecules for cold viruses to attach to, handwashing, zinc (loss of smell) |
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